汉简名物中若干“柜”字合证  

A Study on Several Words Describing Items Related to Ju柜in Han Dynasty Bamboo Slips

作　　者：范常喜 FAN Changxi(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Collaborative lnnovation Platform“Ancient Characters and Chinese Civilization Inheritance and Development Project”,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510275,Guangdong)

机构地区：[1]中山大学中国语言文学系,“古文字与中华文明传承发展工程”协同攻关创新平台,广东广州510275

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2024年第6期127-137,共11页Dunhuang Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“战国文字研究大数据云平台建设”(21&ZD307)。

摘　　要：马王堆三号汉墓出土遣册中将悬挂钟磬的架子“虡”记作“柜”,根据这一已知的汉代用字习惯可知,《肩水金关汉简》中的“鼓柜”应即“鼓虡”,指军用建鼓的鼓座。《居延新简》中的“直上干柱柜”应指防止烽杆倾倒的底座,底座主体由木柱制成,故名“柱柜(虡)”。《居延新简》中的转射之“柜”也应当读作“虡”,指转射外围的木框架。《悬泉汉简》中的“弩柜”即“弩虡”,指兵库中置放弓弩的兰架。汉简中用“柜”为“虡”,与战国楚简用字习惯相承袭。当今简化字“柜”与出土文献中的“柜”古音差别较大,二者属于异时同形字关系。In the bamboo slips excavated from Mawangdui tomb no.3 from the Han dynasty,the character for ju虡,a kind of shelf used for hanging chimes or bells,is often written as ju柜.According to the known usage of words during the Han dy nasty,scholars are already aware that guju鼓柜,as seen in Han Dynasty Bamboo Slips from Jianshuijinguan,should be regarded as meaning guju鼓虡,which refers to the base for a military drum known as the jiangu建鼓,a type of drum with four legs.Re search on the Han dynasty use of the abovementioned characters has revealed that both are used throughout historical records to refer to the bases supporting various kinds of items.The item referred to in the phrase“zhishangfeng ganzhuju直上干柱柜”recorded in Han Dynasty Bamboo Slips Newly Found in Juyan,for example,refers to the base used to prevent beacon poles from tipping over.The main body of the base for these beacons was made of wooden columns,and was therefore called zhuju柱柜.The ju柜used to refer to zhuanshe转射,the base of an archery mechanism that can rotate freely,also mentioned in Han Dynasty Bamboo Slips Newly Found in Juyan should also be read as ju虡,because it refers to the wooden frame surrounding the zhuanshe device.The nu ju弩柜,a frame used for installing a crossbow found in Han Dynasty Bamboo Slips from Xuanquan,is equiv alent to nu ju弩虡,a kind of shelf on which crossbows were placed in a garrison armory.The use of ju柜to replace ju虡in the historical records of the Han dynasty was an orthographic habit inherited from the way characters were used in the bamboo slips of the Chu Kingdom during the Warring States period.There is a great difference in pronunciation between the simplified charac ter gui柜used today and the ancient character ju柜in excavated documents;these characters are one of many known homo glyphs that have been used to express different meanings during different periods of time.

关 键 词：汉简 柜 虡 

分 类 号：K877.5[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]