喷水推进泵空化诱导压力脉动特性的试验研究  

Experimental study on the cavitation-induced pressure fluctuation characteristics of a water jet pump

作　　者：龚波 张正川 尹俊连[1] 冯超 李宁[3] 许锐 王德忠[1] GONG Bo;ZHANG Zhengchuan;YIN Junlian;FENG Chao;LI Ning;XU Rui;WANG Dezhong(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Xiaomi Smart Appliances(Wuhan)Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430075,China;Science and Technology on Water Jet Propulsion Laboratory,Marine Design&Research Institute of China,Shanghai 200111,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海200240 [2]小米智能家电(武汉)有限公司,武汉430075 [3]中国船舶工业集团公司喷水推进技术重点实验室,上海200111

出　　处：《哈尔滨工程大学学报》2025年第1期148-156,共9页Journal of Harbin Engineering University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(52006132).

摘　　要：为探讨喷水推进泵内空化流动结构演变对压力脉动特性的影响,本文结合高速摄像和压力脉动同步测量展开了试验研究。结果表明:随着空化条件加剧,叶顶出现了泄漏涡核空化、剪切层旋涡空化、叶顶吸力侧片状空化和云状空化等复杂空化流动结构;叶顶低压区随着空化区域增大而增大;在泄漏流夹带下空化云不断翻滚,增加了空化云的不稳定性;空化云尺度随空化条件加剧而增大。大尺度空化云会导致强烈的压力脉动。空化区边缘的空泡破碎会带来压力冲击成份。压力脉动主频是叶频,次主频是二倍叶频。主频和次主频幅值在片状空化时小幅增长,在云状空化时大幅增大。垂直空化涡发展会导致叶片前缘附近压力面压力和局部压差下降,这是泵性能断裂的重要原因。An experimental study was conducted to investigate the evolution of cavitation flow structures and their influence on pressure fluctuation characteristics in a mixed-flow waterjet pump by integrating high-speed photography with transient pressure synchronous measurements.Test results indicate that,as the degree of cavitation increases,complex cavitation flow structures begin to appear,such as tip leakage vortex core cavitation,shear layer vortex cavitation,sheet cavitation on the blade suction surface,and cloud cavitation.The low-pressure area at the tip expands with the growth of the cavitated region.Cloud cavitation exhibits continuous rolling due to entrainment from leakage flow,thereby enhancing its instability.The size of the cavitating cloud enlarges with increasing degree of cavitation,and this enlargement leads to intensified pressure pulsations.Bubbles at the periphery of the cavitating zone rupture under high-pressure fluid from noncavitating regions,which results in pressure impact components.The primary frequency of pressure pulsation corresponds to blade frequency,while double-blade frequency represents the secondary main frequency.Amplitudes for blade and double-blade frequencies experience slight increments in sheet cavitation but significant amplification in cloud cavitation.The formation of perpendicular cavitation vortexes causes a decrease in local pressures along with differences at leading edge surfaces,which may contribute significantly to the rapid deterioration of performance.

关 键 词：喷水推进混流泵 空化流动结构 高速摄像 叶顶泄漏涡 云状空化 压力脉动 时域分析 频谱特征 

分 类 号：TH312[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]