钠离子电池用磷酸盐基聚阴离子化合物正极材料研究进展  

Research progress of phosphate-based polyanionic compound cathode materials for sodium ion batteries

作　　者：杨阳[1] 杨慧雅 周新东 胡雨涵 张子健 李凯文 林思睿 赵金保[1] YANG Yang;YANG Huiya;ZHOU Xindong;HU Yuhan;ZHANG Zijian;LI Kaiwen;LIN Sirui;ZHAO Jinbao(State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces,State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Power Source Technology for New Energy Vehicle,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学化学化工学院,固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室,新能源汽车动力电源技术国家地方联合工程实验室,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《厦门大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期45-62,共18页Journal of Xiamen University:Natural Science

摘　　要：[背景]全球锂资源的不断消耗及大规模储能需求的不断提升使得人们亟需寻求低成本的储能系统候选者.钠资源储量丰富,分布广泛,价格低廉,同时钠/锂离子电池之间相似的工作原理使部分生产设备可以兼容使用,因此钠离子电池在大规模化学储能中具有得天独厚的优势.[进展]正极材料在钠离子电池中起着至关重要的作用,不仅决定着电池的成本,其物理化学和电化学行为也深刻影响着电池的能量密度、功率密度和安全性.目前文献报道的正极材料主要有3类:层状结构过渡金属氧化物、普鲁士蓝类似物和聚阴离子化合物.其中,磷酸盐基聚阴离子化合物结构稳定,安全性及倍率性能优异,是最有希望实现商业化的钠离子电池正极材料之一.本文综述目前典型的磷酸盐基聚阴离子化合物的结构特征、储钠机制和电化学行为,并系统分析探讨了现阶段针对其电导率差、比容量低所进行的主流改性策略.[展望]目前磷酸盐基聚阴离子正极材料商业化中的主要挑战及发展方向包括对材料进行改性,获得接近理论的比容量,同时突出发挥其低成本、稳定的特点,关注材料的储钠及动力学机理,为推进其进一步开发和产业化提供理论指导.[Background]With the consumption of global lithium resources and the ever-increasing demand for large-scale energy storage systems,sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)are gaining more attention due to the wide distribution,low cost,and abundance of Na resources.In addition,the working principle and production equipment of SIBs are similar to those of lithium-ion batteries,providing exceptional advantage for SIBs in the commercial large-scale chemical energy storage.Cathode materials play a crucial role in SIBs,as they constitute the major cost component,while their physicochemical and electrochemical properties can also significantly determine the energy density,power density,and safety of SIBs.So far,a variety of cathode materials have been developed and optimized by researchers,which can be broadly categorized into three groups:layer-structured transition metal oxides,Prussian blue analogues,and polyanionic compounds.Among these,the polyanion compounds exhibit notable structural stability,excellent safety characteristics,and facile realization of batch production,rendering them one of the most promising cathode materials for commercialization.[Progress]Generally,the polyanionic cathode material consists of polyanion(XO 4)n-(X=P,S,etc.)tetrahedra and TmO 6(Tm:transition metal element)octahedra,forming a three-dimensional framework structure through strongly covalently bonds for the reversible Na+migration.The difference of Tm and X elements results in the diversity polyanionic cathode materials.During charge and discharge processes,the strong electronegativity of the X element in the anionic group improves the redox potential of the materials through the inductive effect,resulting in the high working voltage of polyanionic compounds.Various X elements in the anionic group,such as P,S,Si,and B,endow diverse properties of polyanion-type materials.Phosphate-based polyanionic compounds have emerged as extensively investigated alternatives owing to their exceptional electrochemical performance.In fact,the strong covalent bondi

关 键 词：钠离子电池 聚阴离子化合物 正极材料 

分 类 号：O646.21[理学—物理化学]