日本地方历史建筑物保护利用条例的制定及启示——以京都市为例  

Formulation of the Ordinance on Conservation and Use of Local Heritage Buildings in Japan and Its Implications:A Case Study on Kyoto

作　　者：张鸿屹 石炀 Zhang Hongyi;Shi Yang(School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院,北京100044

出　　处：《中国文化遗产》2025年第1期104-114,共11页China Cultural Heritage

摘　　要：建筑遗产的保护与利用在实践中存在与一般建设活动的差异,使得众多建筑遗产难以被有效利用。本文聚焦日本《京都市历史建筑物保存活用条例》制定的前因后果,结合条例实施相关的各类政府文件,研究京都市政府为提高历史建筑物的活化利用效率和社会公众参与度所形成的制度创新。研究发现,日本基于登录制度所形成的文化财保护利用计划的编制方法在京都市条例所形成的管理制度中得到了沿用;同时京都市为同类型的传统建筑京町家制定统一标准,以综合控制的方法提高了计划的审批效率,从而使条例的应用对象逐渐从公共建筑发展到居民住宅。相较于我国部分城市编制历史建筑保护规划,对建筑遗产的改造方案进行自上而下的约束,京都市在方案审批方面形成的经验总结,更有利于回应自下而上的诉求,能够解决历史建筑物活化利用时价值保护和规范要求之间的冲突。In practice,conservation and use of heritage buildings are different from general activities relating to buildings.For example,design plans for heritage buildings hardly meet the requirements of current regulations;complicated processes are involved in reviewing and approving any use of heritage buildings,leading to low use efficiency;and the formulation of conservation plans for heritage buildings hardly meets the general demand for buildings.As a result,the conservation and use of heritage buildings have become a process facing many challenges,making efficient use of many heritage buildings very difficult.Focusing on the Ordinance on Preservation and Utilization of Historical Buildings in Kyoto City(hereinafter referred to as the Ordinance)and reviewing relevant information published by the Kyoto municipal government and the Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport and Tourism of Japan,this paper investigates the activities carried out by Kyoto municipal government before and after the formulation of the Ordinance.It identifies the causes and effects of the formulation of the Ordinance.Referring to various government documents relating to the implementation of the Ordinance,including original regulations written in Japanese,brochures,and reports,this paper studies the measures taken by the municipal government to improve the efficiency of and the participation of the general public in the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings,based on which experience in institutional innovation is summarized.This paper has the following findings.The method for preparing plans for the conservation and use of cultural heritage based on a Japanese registration system was inherited by Kyoto to establish a management system using the Ordinance.At the same time,Kyoto established unified standards for traditional buildings,namely,Kyomachiya,of the same type to improve the efficiency of reviewing and approving plans through a comprehensive method.As a result,the Ordinance was applied to not only public buildings but also residential d

关 键 词：京都 历史建筑物 活化利用 地方法规 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]