生态环境损害赔偿社会化救济中的环境责任保险  

Environmental liability insurance in the socialized relief of ecological environmental damage compensation

作　　者：刘秋妹[1] 桑梦雪 LIU Qiumei;SANG Mengxue(School of Law,Tianjin University of Commerce,Tianjin 300134,China)

机构地区：[1]天津商业大学法学院,天津300134

出　　处：《天津商业大学学报》2025年第1期66-72,共7页Journal of Tianjin University of Commerce

摘　　要：当前,我国生态环境损害赔偿制度侧重于对赔偿义务人赔偿责任的确定,而对其赔偿能力缺乏足够的重视。要实现有效救济和平衡各方之间的利益,就必须寻求新的风险分散和责任分配方式--社会化救济。其中环境责任保险制度能够通过社会化的救济方式保障环境损害的修复填补,而其在生态环境损害赔偿领域运用不足的深层次原因,是其内部构造的不完备及外部配套措施的缺位,因此,在立法上应健全生态环境损害责任保险的基本法律制度,弥补高位阶立法的缺失;在制度内容上应明确强制性投保模式、制定浮动和差别费率规则、设立专门承保区域;同时通过健全生态环境损害评估制度并强化风险防控与监督,以再保险分散风险和建立生态环境损害专项基金作为最后救济,进而更好地落实生态环境损害赔偿机制改革中提出的充分运用责任保险的要求。At present,China's ecological environmental damage compensation system focuses on the determination of the compensation liability of the obligor but lacks sufficient attention to their compensation ability.To achieve effective relief and balance the interests of all parties,it is necessary to seek a new way of risk diversification and liability distribution,namely socialized relief.The environmental liability insurance system can ensure the restoration and remediation of environmental damage through socialized relief methods,and the deep-seated reason for its insufficient application in the field of ecological environmental damage compensation is the incompleteness of its internal structure and the lack of external supporting measures.Therefore,the basic legal system of ecological environment damage liability insurance shall be improved to make up for the lack of high-level legislation;the compulsory insurance shall be implemented,rules for floating and differential rate shall be formulated,and specialized underwriting areas shall be established;at the same time,it is recommended to improve the ecological environment damage assessment system and strengthen risk prevention and control and supervision,and as the final relief,use reinsurance to diversify risks and establish a special fund for ecological environment damage,thus better implementing the requirement of fully utilizing liability insurance put forward in the reform of the ecological environment damage compensation mechanism.

关 键 词：生态环境损害 社会化救济 环境责任保险 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]