轴承内圈故障对轴箱振动特性影响研究  

Effects of Bearing Inner Race Faults on the Vibration Characteristics of Axle Box

作　　者：邓航 王开云 和振兴[1] 刘旭麒[1] 石广田 DENG Hang;WANG Kaiyun;HE Zhenxing;LIU Xuqi;SHI Guangtian(School of Mechanical Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;State Key Laboratory of Rail Transit Vehicle System,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学机电工程学院,兰州730070 [2]西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室,成都610031

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2025年第1期126-132,共7页Noise and Vibration Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52162047);牵引动力国家重点实验室开放课题(TPL1902);兰州市科技计划资助项目(2022-2-26)。

摘　　要：轴箱轴承是动车的关键部件,一旦出现内圈故障,将直接影响列车的运行安全,因此探明发生轴承内圈故障时的轴箱振动特性,具有重要的研究意义。为此开展轴承内圈故障对轴箱振动特性影响研究,基于Hertz接触理论建立考虑内圈多故障的轴承刚柔耦合动力学模型,通过对保持架和滚子转速的误差分析验证模型的准确性;提出基于均方根值(RMS)和变分模态分解(VMD)的时频分析方法,并利用该方法对轴承故障进行识别。结果表明:内圈不同故障引起的轴箱振动响应差异较大,内圈单故障劣化和多故障夹角变化与RMS值具有关联性,多部位故障的RMS值高于单部位故障,且随转速的增大差异更加显著;基于VMD的时频域分析方法能有效反映特征频率与故障部位之间的对应关系,根据时频域分析结果能准确识别故障部位的特征频率且干扰较小。Axle box bearing is the key component of EMU,once the inner ring fails,it will directly affect the operation safety of the train,so it is of great research significance to explore the axle box vibration characteristics when the bearing inner ring fails.Therefore,the influence of bearing inner ring faults on the vibration characteristics of axle box was studied in this paper.First of all,a dynamic rigid-flex coupling model of bearing considering multiple faults of inner ring was established based on Hertz contact theory,and the accuracy of the model was verified by analyzing the speed error of cages and rollers.Then,a time-frequency analysis method based on root mean square(RMS)value and variational mode decomposition(VMD)was proposed,and the bearing fault was identified by this method.The results show that the vibration response of the axle box caused by different faults in the inner ring is quite different;the deterioration of single fault and the change of angle between multiple faults in the inner ring are correlated with the RMS value;the RMS value of multi-part fault is higher than that of single-part fault;the difference is more significant with the increase of speed;the time-frequency domain analysis method based on VMD can effectively reflect the correspondence between the characteristic frequency and the fault part.It is concluded that the time-frequency domain analysis results can accurately identify the characteristic frequency of the fault site with less interference.

关 键 词：故障诊断 轴箱轴承 VMD分解 时频特征 刚柔耦合动力学 

分 类 号：U238[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] U467.492[机械工程—车辆工程]