基于转频脊线的滚动轴承阶次分析故障诊断  

Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearings Based on Order Analysis of Rotational Frequency Ridge

作　　者：张小丽[1] 范攀锋 李贤耀 王保建[2] 梁旺 王芳珍 ZHANG Xiaoli;FAN Panfeng;LI Xianyao;WANG Baojian;LIANG Wang;WANG Fangzhen(Key Laboratory of Road Construction Technology and Equipment,State Ministry of Education,School of Construction Machinery,Chang′an University,Xi′an 710064,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Foundation Education,Xi′an Jiaotong University,Xi′an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学工程机械学院道路施工技术与装备教育部重点实验室,西安710064 [2]西安交通大学机械基础国家级实验教学示范中心,西安710049

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2025年第1期139-145,共7页Noise and Vibration Control

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(2021M-169,2023-JC-YB-477)。

摘　　要：针对变转速状况下部分设备难以安装转速计而导致转速信息缺失的问题,提出基于阶次分析的无转速计滚动轴承故障诊断方法。同时针对振动信号处理中时频脊线提取精度不高、轴承转频脊线识别困难等问题,提出基于快速路径优化算法的多时频脊线提取方法和基于脊线拟合优度指标的转频脊线识别方法。首先,利用快速路径优化算法可以抑制相邻时刻频率跳变的特点,提高时频脊线提取精度;其次,通过计算脊线拟合优度值的方法从所提取的多条时频脊线中识别出转频脊线;最后利用识别的转频脊线结合阶次分析,对滚动轴承故障实验振动信号进行分析,验证所提滚动轴承故障诊断方法的可行性。To address the problem of missing speed information due to the difficulty of installing tachometers in some equipment under variable speed conditions,a tachometer-less rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on order analysis was proposed.Meanwhile,for the problems of low accuracy of time-frequency ridge extraction based on vibration signal processing and the difficulty of identifying rotational frequency ridges of bearings,a multi-time-frequency ridge extraction method based on the fast path optimization algorithm and a rotational frequency ridge identification method based on the ridge fitting superiority index were proposed.Firstly,the fast path optimization algorithm was used to suppress the characteristics of frequency hopping in adjacent moments to improve the accuracy of time-frequency ridge extraction.Secondly,the method of calculating the ridge fitting goodness of the fitted values was used to identify the trans-frequency ridges from the multiple time-frequency ridges.Finally,the experimental vibration signals of rolling bearing faults were analyzed by rotational frequency ridges and order analysis to verify the feasibility of the proposed rolling bearing fault diagnosis method.

关 键 词：故障诊断 滚动轴承 脊线识别 阶次分析 变转速工况 

分 类 号：TH133.3[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]