补饲对放牧家畜生产力的作用  

Effects of Supplementary Feeding on Productivity of Grazing Livestock

作　　者：谢凯丽 侯扶江[1] XIE Kaili;HOU Fujiang(Key Laboratory of Grass and Animal Husbandry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室,农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室,兰州730020

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2025年第1期36-47,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U21A20242);国家自然科学基金国际合作项目(32161143028)。

摘　　要：近20多年来,我国在草原牧区实施了退耕还林还草、退牧还草、草原生态保护补助奖励机制以及国家公园体制试点等一系列重大生态工程。草原管理从自由放牧向禁牧、休牧或轮牧转变,牧场生产从单一放牧向放牧+补饲,甚至舍饲转变,以实现草畜供求平衡。牧区发展以放牧家畜的补饲为特征的农牧系统耦合,是我国牧区历史上最广泛、最深刻的生产方式变革,草原由生产优先向生态优先转变,符合世界农业系统的演化趋势。本文综述了补饲对放牧家畜的作用,其能减轻家畜对草原的放牧压力,促进退化草原的生态恢复,故补饲放牧家畜成为我国乃至全球牧场的重要管理模式。In the past 20 years,China has implemented a series of major ecological projects in grassland pastoral areas,such as returning farmland to forest and grassland,returning grazing land to grassland,grassland ecological protection subsidy and reward mechanism,and national park system pilot.Grassland management has changed from free grazing to banned grazing,resting grazing or rotational grazing,and pasture production has changed from single grazing to grazing+supplementary feeding,and even house feeding,so as to achieve a balance between supply and demand of grass and livestock.The development of the coupling of agricultural and pastoral area systems,characterized by supplementary feeding of grazing livestock,represents the most extensive and profound transformation of production mode in the history of pastoral areas in China.The transformation of grassland from production priority to ecological priority aligns with the global trend in agricultural system evolution.This paper reviewed the effects of supplementary feeding on grazing animals,which can reduce the grazing pressure of livestock on grassland and promote the ecological restoration of degraded grassland.Therefore,supplementary feeding has become an important management model for grazing livestock in China and even worldwide.

关 键 词：草原 生态系统 牧场 家畜 草畜平衡 

分 类 号：S815[农业科学—畜牧学]