体外产气法评价饲粮添加复合菌酶制剂对肉牛瘤胃发酵特性、纤维素降解酶和菌群的影响  

Evaluation of Effects of Dietary Complex Bacterial Enzyme Preparation on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics,Cellulose Degrading Enzymes and Microflora of Beef Cattle by in Vitro Gas Production Method

作　　者：祝欣悦 马建飞 包俊杰 徐均钊 牛化欣[1] ZHU Xinyue;MA Jianfei;BAO Junjie;XU Junzhao;NIU Huaxin(College of Animal Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia Minzu University,Tongliao 028000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学动物科技学院,通辽028000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2025年第1期412-425,共14页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：内蒙古自治区高等学校青年科技英才支持计划资助(NJYT22054);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0035,2023YFDZ0079,2023YFDZ0068);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2022MS03074)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究添加不同水平复合菌酶制剂对肉牛体外瘤胃发酵特性、纤维素降解酶活性和菌群的影响。试验在基础全混合日粮(TMR)中分别添加0[对照组(CON组)]、0.3(D1组)、0.6(D2组)、1.2(D3组)和2.4 g/kg(D4组)复合菌酶制剂作为发酵底物,选取3头健康西门塔尔牛作为瘤胃液供体动物,体外发酵48 h。结果表明:1)D3组6、12、24和48 h产气量、产气速率以及干物质(6 h除外)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)降解率显著高于CON组(P<0.05)。D3组和D4组12和48 h甲烷(CH_(4))产量显著低于CON组(P<0.05)。2)与CON组相比,体外发酵48 h时,D3组丁酸比例显著提高(P<0.05),各复合菌酶制剂添加组氨态氮(NH_(3)-N)浓度和乙酸比例显著提高(P<0.05)。D3组总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。3)D3组纤维素酶、β-葡聚糖酶、木聚糖酶和果胶酶活性显著高于CON组(P<0.05)。4)2bRAD-M瘤胃菌群测定结果表明,D3组Simpson指数显著高于CON组(P<0.05)。通过线性判别分析效应大小(LEfSe)对组间差异物种进行分析,筛选出2组在不同分类水平上的显著差异物种共11种,其中普通拟杆菌属(Cryptobacteroides)、解琥珀酸菌属(Succiniclasticum)等在CON组中富集,琥珀酸弧菌属(Succinivibrio)、毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)等在D3组中富集。体外瘤胃发酵参数与优势菌属相对丰度相关性分析结果表明,琥珀酸弧菌属相对丰度与丁酸比例以及TVFA和NH_(3)-N浓度显著正相关(P<0.05),而解琥珀酸菌属相对丰度与乙酸比例以及TVFA和NH_(3)-N浓度呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。综上所述,在体外发酵条件下,添加1.2 g/kg TMR的复合菌酶制剂可以提高产气量和营养物质降解率,降低CH_(4)产量,提高纤维素降解酶活性,提高琥珀酸弧菌属相对丰度,降低解琥珀酸菌属相对丰度。The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of different supplemental levels of complex bacterial enzyme preparations on rumen fermentation characteristics,cellulose degrading enzyme activity and microflora of beef cattle in vitro.In the experiment,the basal total mixed ration(TMR)was supplemented with 0[control group(CON group)],0.3(D1 group),0.6(D2 group),1.2(D3 group)and 2.4 g/kg(D4 group)complex bacterial enzyme preparations as fermentation substrate,and 3 healthy Simmental cattle were selected as rumen fluid donors for 48 h in vitro fermentation.The results showed as follows:1)the gas production,gas production rate and degradation rates of dry matter(except 6 h),neutral detergent fiber(NDF)and acid detergent fiber(ADF)in D3 group were significantly higher than those in CON group at 6,12,24 and 48 h(P<0.05).The methane(CH_(4))production at 12 and 48 h in D3 and D4 groups was significantly lower than that in CON group(P<0.05).2)Compared with CON group,after 48 h in vitro fermentation,the butyric acid ratio in D3 group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the ammonia-nitrogen(NH_(3)-N)concentration and acetic acid ratio in each complex bacterial enzyme preparation group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The total volatile fatty acid(TVFA)concentration in D3 group was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05).3)The activities of cellulase,β-glucanase,xylanase and pectinase in D3 group were significantly higher than those in CON group(P<0.05).4)The results of 2bRAD-M rumen microflora assay showed that the Simpson index in D3 group was significantly higher than that in CON group(P<0.05).By linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEfSe)of the difference species between the two groups,a total of 11 species were screened for significant differences between the two groups at different taxonomic levels,among which Cryptobacteroides and Succiniclasticum were enriched in CON group,and Succinivibrio and Lachnospiraceae were enriched in D3 group.Correlation analysis between rumen fermentati

关 键 词：复合菌酶制剂 体外产气 瘤胃发酵 瘤胃菌群 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]