饲料中添加胍基乙酸对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼生长性能、肌肉质构特性和肠道健康的影响  

Effects of Dietary Guanidinoacetic Acid on Growth Performance,Muscle Texture Characteristics and Intestine Health of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus

作　　者：张晓敏 杨奇慧[1,2,3] 谭北平 迟淑艳[1,2,3] 寇诗瑀 林华杏[1] ZHANG Xiaomin;YANG Qihui;TAN Beiping;CHI Shuyan;KOU Shiyu;LIN Huaxing(Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,China;Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province,Zhanjiang 524088,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture,Zhanjiang 524088,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学水产动物营养与饲料实验室,湛江524088 [2]广东省水产动物精准营养与高效饲料工程技术研究中心,湛江524088 [3]广东省水产动物病害防控与健康养殖重点实验室,湛江524088

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2025年第1期511-523,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“北部湾陆海接力智慧渔场养殖装备与新模式”(2022YFD2401200)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探究饲料中添加不同水平胍基乙酸(GAA)对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼生长性能、肌肉质构特性以及肠道结构和菌群的影响。试验选用450尾健康、初始体重为(14.91±0.45)g的珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。各组分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加0(对照)、200、400、600和1200 mg/kg GAA的等氮等脂饲料。试验期56 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲料中添加200和1200 mg/kg GAA显著降低珍珠龙胆石斑鱼脏体比(VSI)(P<0.05),饲料中添加1200 mg/kg GAA显著降低肝体比(HSI)(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲料中添加200和600 mg/kg GAA显著降低肌肉硬度(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,各GAA添加组肠道脂肪酶、淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性均显著提高(P<0.05),且均在600 mg/kg GAA添加组达到最高值。4)与对照组相比,各GAA添加组肠道绒毛高度和肌层厚度均显著降低(P<0.05),600 mg/kg GAA添加组肠道绒毛宽度显著提高(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,各GAA添加组肠道菌群α多样性各指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。在门水平上,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)为肠道菌群的优势菌门;在科水平上,弧菌科(Vibrionaceae)、黄杆菌科(Flavobacteriaceae)和拜叶林克氏菌科(Beijerinckiaceae)等为肠道菌群的优势菌科。综上所述,饲料中添加GAA对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼生长无显著影响,但能提高肠道消化酶活性,改善肌肉硬度,维持肠道菌群平衡;以肠道胰蛋白酶活性为评定指标,经回归分析得出,珍珠龙胆石斑鱼饲料中GAA的适宜添加水平为821.32 mg/kg。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of guanidinoacetic acid(GAA)on growth performance,muscle texture characteristics and intestinal structure and microbiota of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus.A total of 450 healthy juvenile groupers with an initial body weight of(14.91±0.45)g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate.The fish in each group was fed the iso-nitrogen and iso-lipid diets supplemented with 0(control),200,400,600 and 1200 mg/kg GAA in the basal diet,respectively.The experiment lasted for 56 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,dietary 200 and 1200 mg/kg GAA significantly decreased the viscerosomatic index(VSI)(P<0.05),and dietary 1200 mg/kg GAA significantly decreased the hepatosomatic index(HSI)(P<0.05).2)Compared with the control group,dietary 200 and 600 mg/kg GAA significantly decreased the muscle hardness(P<0.05).3)Compared with the control group,the activities of intestinal lipase,amylase and trypsin in GAA supplemental groups were significantly increased(P<0.05),and the highest values were reached in 600 mg/kg GAA supplemental group.4)Compared with the control group,the intestinal villus height and muscular thickness in GAA supplemental groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the intestinal villus width in 600 mg/kg GAA supplemental group was significantly increased(P<0.05).5)Compared with the control group,there were no significant differences inαdiversity indices of intestinal microbiota in GAA supplemental groups(P>0.05).At the phylum level,Proteobacteria,Bacteroidota and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in intestinal microbiota;at the family level,Vibrionaceae,Flavobacteriaceae and Beijerinckiaceae were the dominant families in intestinal microbiota.In conclusion,dietary GAA has no significant effect on the growth of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus,but can increase the intestinal digestive enzyme activity,impr

关 键 词：珍珠龙胆石斑鱼 胍基乙酸 生长性能 肌肉质构 肠道健康 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]