我国畜禽饲料资源中矿物元素钾含量的调查研究  

Investigation and Study on Potassium Contents in Feed Resources for Livestock and Poultry in China

作　　者：李笑然 张丽阳[1] 廖秀冬[1] 马雪莲 吕林[1] 罗绪刚 LI Xiaoran;ZHANG Liyang;LIAO Xiudong;MA Xuelian;LYU Lin;LUO Xugang(Mineral Nutrition Research Division,Institute of Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所矿物元素营养研究室,北京100193 [2]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,扬州225000

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2025年第1期672-681,共10页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD1300203);科技基础性工作专项项目(2014FY111000);中国农业科学院科技创新工程专项经费(ASTIP-IAS09);河北省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(HBCT2024270202)。

摘　　要：本调查旨在研究我国不同地区畜禽饲料资源中钾含量的分布情况,为饲粮配制过程中准确添加钾提供可靠数据。使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定7类37种主要饲料原料中钾含量,共涉及4054个饲料样品(采自全国31个省、直辖市和自治区)。结果显示,7类37种饲料原料中平均钾含量为18447~19638 mg/kg,由高到低依次为:牧草类饲料原料(19638 mg/kg)、秸秆类饲料原料(18447 mg/kg)、植物性蛋白质类饲料原料(15183 mg/kg)、谷物籽实加工副产品类饲料原料(8791 mg/kg)、动物性蛋白质类饲料原料(8242 mg/kg)、谷物籽实类饲料原料(3714 mg/kg)、矿物质类饲料原料(1056 mg/kg)。比较不同省、直辖市和自治区玉米、小麦及豆粕中钾含量,发现玉米、豆粕中平均钾含量存在显著差异(P<0.05),小麦中平均钾含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。根据我国现行的4种饲粮类型(谷物-豆粕饲粮、玉米-豆粕饲粮、谷物-饼粕饲粮、玉米-饼粕饲粮)及饲料原料中钾含量实测值,计算了152个猪、鸡基础饲粮中钾含量,猪79个基础饲粮中钾含量为6588~7296 mg/kg,鸡73个基础饲粮中钾含量为6619~8144 mg/kg,均可满足猪、鸡的钾营养需要量。由此可见,我国同一种类不同饲料原料中钾含量差异较大,不同地域同一饲料原料中钾含量差异明显,各地猪、鸡常用基础饲粮中钾含量可满足畜禽需求。The aim of this investigation was to investigate the distribution of potassium content in feed resources from different regions of China,in order to provide a scientific basis for appropriate potassium supplementation in diet.A total of 4054 feed samples(taken from 31 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions of China)of 37 major feed ingredients of 7 categories were analyzed for potassium content using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry.The results showed that the average potassium content in feed raw ingredients of 37 types of 7 categories ranged from 18447 to 19638 mg/kg,and from high to low were:pasture feed materials(19638 mg/kg),straw feed materials(18447 mg/kg),plant protein feed materials(15183 mg/kg),cereal seed by-product feed materials(8791 mg/kg),animal protein feed materials(8242 mg/kg),cereal seed feed materials(3714 mg/kg),mineral feed materials(1056 mg/kg).Compare the potassium contents in corn,wheat and soybean meal from different provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions,it found that there were significant differences in the average potassium contents in corn and soybean meal(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference in the average potassium content in wheat(P>0.05).Based on the current four diet types(corn-soybean meal,corn-oilseed meal,corn-oilseed meal and cereal-oilseed meal)in China and analyzed potassium contents in feed materials,the potassium contents in 152 basal diets for pigs and chickens were calculated,the potassium content ranges from 6588 to 7296 mg/kg among 79 basal diets for pigs,and the potassium content ranges from 6619 to 8144 mg/kg among 73 basal diets for chickens,which can meet the potassium requirements of both pigs and chickens.In conclusion,the potassium content varies greatly among different feed ingredients of the same category,the potassium content of the same feed ingredient varies significantly among different geographical regions,and the potassium content of commonly basal diets for pigs and chickens in various regions of

关 键 词：饲料原料 钾含量 猪 鸡 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]