航运视角下邮轮港口季节性及其空间规律——以地中海为例  

Seasonality and spatial patterns of cruise ports from a shipping perspective:A case study of the Mediterranean

作　　者：薄艾 王成金[1,2] 勾艺超 Bo Ai;Wang Chengjin;Gou Yichao(Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国生态旅游》2024年第4期816-833,共18页Journal of Chinese Ecotourism

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42071151)。

摘　　要：邮轮旅游快速发展,成为现代旅游业中最具竞争力的产业之一。季节性是旅游组织的主要特征,对邮轮旅游运营和发展具有重要影响。在邮轮旅游季节性研究中,现有研究仍延用传统研究范式,忽视了邮轮旅游区别于其他旅游方式的特殊之处,尤其忽略了航运因素对邮轮旅游季节性的决定作用。此外,已有文献对季节性特征的测度方法也较为片面。鉴于此,文章以地中海为研究区域,综合季节类型、季节集中度和季节变动结构等测度指标刻画邮轮港口季节性特征,从海域互补巡航、港口等级和航运职能等角度剖析航运因素对港口季节性的塑造作用。研究表明:(1)地中海邮轮港口的季节性特征共有3种主流类型,包括多季-相对集中-夏秋双峰型、全年-相对均衡-夏秋双峰型和全年-相对集中-夏秋双峰型。(2)全年型、多季型港口集中分布在亚平宁半岛周边海域;季节集中度的空间分布呈现“西低东高”的基本格局;港口季节变动结构的空间分布形成“中部双高峰,东西单或无高峰”的空间格局。(3)市场中间性这一特殊的区位条件是港口组织多海域季节性互补巡航的地理基础,使特定季节性特征形成空间集聚;港口在竞争中的市场定位使不同等级港口形成差异化的季节性特征偏好;具备交通和旅游双重职能是母港和枢纽港的季节性特征区别于挂靠港的主要原因。文章梳理了邮轮港口的季节性特征及其空间布局,明确了海域互补巡航、港口等级和航运职能等航运因素对港口季节性的重要影响,为中国区域邮轮旅游规划、航线配置、船队部署调配乃至邮轮旅游发展提供理论指导。The rapid development of cruise tourism has made it one of the most competitive sectors in the modern tourism industry.Seasonality is a primary characteristic of tourism activities,significantly shaping cruise tourism operations and development.However,existing research on the seasonality of cruise tourism continues to follow traditional paradigms,often neglecting the distinctive nature of cruise tourism compared to other types of tourism,particularly the crucial influence of shipping factors on cruise tourism seasonality.In addition,current literature often on seasonal characteristics of the measurement method is also relatively one-sided.In light of this,this study examines the Mediterranean region,integrating seasonal types,seasonal concentration,and seasonal variation structure to depict the seasonal characteristics of cruise ports.It further analyzes how shipping factors shape port seasonality from the perspectives of interregional complementary cruising,port hierarchy,and shipping functions.The results show that:(1)three primary seasonality types characterize Mediterranean cruise ports:multi-season operation-relative concentration-bimodal pattern in summer and autumn,year-round operationrelative balanced-bimodal pattern in summer and autumn,year-round operation-relative concentration-bimodal pattern in summer and autumn.(2)Year-round and multi-season ports are predominantly located around the Apennine Peninsula;the spatial distribution of seasonal concentration shows a basic pattern of“low in the west and high in the east”;and the spatial pattern of port seasonality show a“dual-peak in center,single or no peak in the east and west”spatial pattern.(3)The unique locational condition of market centrality underpins geographic clustering of ports offering multi-regional complementary cruising during specific seasons.Port market positioning in competitive contexts shapes distinctive seasonal preferences by port hierarchy.Dual-functionality as both transport hubs and tourism destinations distinguish the se

关 键 词：邮轮港口 季节性 空间规律 邮轮航运 地中海 

分 类 号：F55[经济管理—产业经济]