黑龙江不同育种阶段粳稻主要农艺性状演变规律  

Evolution Rule of Major Agronomic Traits of Heilongjiang Japonica Rice at Different Breeding Stages

作　　者：刘猷红 唐傲[1,3] 董文军 孟英[1,2,3] 张喜娟 刘凯[3,4] 冷春旭 商全玉[6] 来永才 LIU Youhong;TANG Ao;DONG Wenjun;MENG Ying;ZHANG Xijuan;LIU Kai;LENG Chunxu;SHANG Quanyu;LAI Yongcai(Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Design and Germplasm Innovation,Harbin 150086,China;Postdoctoral Scientific Research Station of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;Northeast Sub Center of National Salt and Alkali Resistant Rice Technology Innovation Center,Harbin 150086,China;Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China;Biotechnology Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150028,China;Heihe Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Heihe,Heilongjiang 164300,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院博士后科研工作站,哈尔滨150086 [3]国家耐盐碱水稻技术创新中心东北中心,哈尔滨150086 [4]黑龙江省农业科学院,哈尔滨150086 [5]黑龙江省农业科学院生物技术研究所,哈尔滨150028 [6]黑龙江省农业科学院黑河分院,黑龙江黑河164300

出　　处：《中国稻米》2025年第1期68-73,共6页China Rice

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程农业科技基础创新优青项目(CX22YQ07);黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2023C098);作物种质资源精准鉴定评价(2023ZYCX01);黑龙江省博士后科学基金(LBH-Z22266)。

摘　　要：选用1949—2020年育成的寒地粳稻品种200份,分析不同育种阶段寒地粳稻主要农艺性状的遗传演变规律。结果表明,随着育种阶段的推进,寒地粳稻株高逐渐增加,穗长逐渐变长。2000年以前(旱育稀植育种阶段)穂数与产量的相关系数最高,2000年后则实粒数与产量相关系数最高。通径分析表明,在2010年前各育种阶段,穗数对产量的直接贡献最大,而优质高产多抗育种阶段实粒数对产量的直接贡献最大。随着育种阶段的推进,寒地粳稻稻米食味值和直链淀粉含量呈升高趋势,而蛋白质含量则呈降低趋势。2000年后各育种阶段,寒地粳稻稻米垩白粒率和垩白度降低,长宽比和粒长均值增加。各育种阶段食味值与蛋白质含量极显著负相关,而与直链淀粉含量、粒长极显著正相关。通径分析表明,各育种阶段蛋白质含量直接作用系数最大且起负向效应,而直链淀粉含量起正向效应,在2000年之后,垩白粒率对食味值起负向直接作用。Two hundred cold japonica rice bred from 1949 to 2020 were selected to analyze the evolution rule of the main agronomic traits of cold japonica rice at different breeding stages.The results showed that the plant height of cold region japonica rice gradually increased,and the spike length gradually became longer with the advancement of breeding stage.The correlation coefficient between panicles and yield was highest in dry-raising and sparse-planting breeding stage,and the correlation coefficient between effective grain number and yield was highest after 2000.Pathway analysis showed that before 2010,the number of spikes had the greatest direct contribution to yield,while the number of grains had the greatest direct contribution to yield in the high-quality,high-yield,and multi resistance breeding stage.With the advancement of breeding stage,rice taste value and amylose content of cold region japonica rice showed an increasing trend,while the protein content showed a decreasing trend.The Chalkiness rate and Chalkiness degree of cold region japonica rice decreased,and while the aspect ratio and grain length increased after 2000.Taste value was highly significant negatively correlated with protein content and highly significant positively correlated with amylose content and grain length at all stages of breeding.Pathway analysis showed that protein content had the largest direct effect coefficient and negative effect,while starch content had a positive effect at all stages of breeding.Chalkiness also had a direct negative effect on taste value after 2000.

关 键 词：寒地粳稻 育种阶段 农艺性状 演变规律 

分 类 号：S511.037[农业科学—作物学]