贸易自由化与工业企业能源消费强度——基于偏向型技术进步的视角  

Trade liberalization and energy consumption intensity of industrial firms:A perspective based on the biased technological progress

作　　者：武力超[1] 蔡雅莉 方心怡 檀宜哲 朱桦 WU Lichao;CAI Yali;FANG Xinyi;TAN Yizhe;ZHU Hua(School of Economics,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China;School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Chinese University of Hong Kong(Shenzhen),Shenzhen 518172,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学经济学院,福建厦门361005 [2]香港中文大学(深圳)人文社科学院,广东深圳518172

出　　处：《科技管理学报》2024年第6期7-21,共15页Journal of Science and Technology Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(21BJL088);福建省社会科学基金一般项目(FJ2022B072)。

摘　　要：落实“双碳”目标亟须全面绿色转型,而贸易自由化为能源低碳发展提供了新支点。本文理论分析部分从最终品和中间品2个角度讨论了贸易自由化影响工业企业能源消费强度的传导机制。实证分析部分基于1998—2012年中国工业企业数据库、企业污染排放数据库以及进口关税数据,使用固定效应模型,发现进口贸易自由化能够通过促进能源偏向型技术进步降低工业企业能源消费强度,且贸易自由化降低工业企业能源消费强度的作用在本土企业、非出口企业、低能源依赖型企业,高技术密集度行业、高度市场化地区和高数字化关注度地区更显著。此外,能源偏向型技术进步的机制作用对本土企业、出口企业、低能源依赖企业,以及处于高技术密集度行业、低市场化进程地区和低数字化关注度地区的工业企业更为显著。最后,本文的研究结论在剔除非关税壁垒的影响,替换机制为非能源要素偏向型技术进步,替换被解释变量衡量方式后依然成立。基于研究结论,本文针对如何利用新发展阶段下的贸易自由化促进企业降低能源消费强度,提高能源利用的技术水平和能源效率提出相应对策建议。The relationship between economic development and environmental protection has become increasingly important,with energy consumption playing a crucial role in economic and social development.The 14th Five-Year Plan aims to establish a modern energy system,promote low-carbon energy transformation,and improve energy efficiency,while the 20th National Congress sets up the goal to promote green development and strengthen control over total energy consumption.Despite the ongoing energy revolution,coal consumption in China still exceeds 50%of total energy use,and traditional energy sources are expected to dominate China's energy consumption structure for a long time.Thus,the study of energy consumption intensity of industrial firms is vital in the current Chinese context.This paper offers a theoretical analysis of how technological progress positively impacts factor efficiency.Specifically,it highlights that neutral technological progress reduces overall demand for factors such as energy while biased technological progress occurs in the relative consumption of factors and relative marginal productivity changes of various factors.This paper focuses on the mechanism of biased technological progress,that is,trade liberalization in final and intermediate goods can alter the relative prices of factors(the relative marginal productivity of factors).This process is influenced by import competition,technological spillovers,technological complementarities,and cost reductions,respectively,and reduces energy consumption intensity by promoting biased technological progress.Using data from the Annual Surveys of Industrial Enterprises in China(ASIEC)dataset and dataset of Pollution Emissions from Industrial Enterprises in China from the National Bureau of Statistics(NBS),the Tariff Facility dataset from World Trade Organization(WTO),and the World Integrated Trade Solution(WITS)dataset from 1998 to 2012,we employ a fixed-effects model to investigate the impact of trade liberalization on energy consumption intensity of industrial firm

关 键 词：贸易自由化 能源消费强度 偏向型技术进步 

分 类 号：F752[经济管理—国际贸易] F425[经济管理—产业经济] F206