锂离子电池电解液安全性提升研究进展  

Research progress on the safety improvement of lithium-ion battery electrolyte

作　　者：王金博 王学宝 李孝斌 Wang Jinbo;Wang Xuebao;Li Xiaobin(Graduate School,China People's Police University,Langfang Hebei 065000,China;College of Fire Protection Engineering,China People's Police University,Langfang Hebei 065000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民警察大学研究生院,河北廊坊065000 [2]中国人民警察大学防火工程学院,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2025年第1期41-47,共7页Fire Science and Technology

摘　　要：锂离子电池使用的含高挥发性和易燃性有机溶剂电解液引起的火灾问题日益引起人们的重视。电解液的火灾隐患主要与其化学性质密切相关,由于在高温条件下以及过充电和机械损伤时不稳定,极易引发热失控,导致电池燃烧或爆炸。综合分析了电解液的火灾危险性及其对锂离子电池安全性的影响,从热稳定性、阻燃性和抗过充能力3个方面综述了2019年以来在开发更具安全性的电解液材料方面的研究进展,旨在为未来安全性锂离子电池电解液的设计和开发提供科学依据和参考。Increasing attention is being paid to safety concerns,particularly those associated with the risk of fires caused by the use of organic solvent electrolytes with high volatility and flammability.The fire hazards of electrolytes are closely linked to their chemical properties,as they are prone to thermal runaway under high temperature conditions,overcharging,and mechanical damage,leading to battery combustion or explosion.A comprehensive analysis of the fire hazards of electrolytes and their impact on the safety of lithium-ion batteries is presented in this paper.Research progress in the development of safer electrolyte materials since 2019 is reviewed from the perspectives of thermal stability,flame retardancy,and resistance to overcharging.The objective of this study is to provide a scientific foundation and reference for the design and development of safer electrolytes for future lithium-ion batteries.

关 键 词：锂离子电池 电解液 热稳定性 阻燃性 抗过充稳定性 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]