薄抹灰层对常见保温材料阻火效果的试验研究  

Experimental study on fire resistance effect of thin rendering layer on common thermal insulation materials

作　　者：周亮 魏文月 王栋 蒋慧灵 Zhou Liang;Wei Wenyue;Wang Dong;Jiang Huiling(School of Resource and Safety Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Research Institute of Macro-Safety Science,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;China Railway Construction Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100043,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学资源与安全工程学院,北京100083 [2]北京科技大学大安全科学研究院,北京100083 [3]中铁建设集团有限公司,北京100043

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2025年第1期54-61,共8页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金项目(8222021);住房和城乡建设部研究开发项目(2022-k-042)。

摘　　要：为了研究薄抹灰层对保温材料的阻火效果,选取50 kW/m^(2)的辐射照度模拟大尺寸窗口火的热流通量,开展了锥形量热仪测试,对比分析了聚氨酯泡沫板(PU)、挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫板(XPS)和石墨挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫板(GXPS)3种常见保温材料的燃烧性能,及其分别施加3、5、7 mm厚度薄抹灰层后的阻火效果。结果表明,无抹灰层时,3种保温材料的燃烧性能存在明显差异,PU引燃和到达热释放速率峰值(PHRR)的时间最短,PHRR最低;有抹灰层时,虽然未能阻止保温材料被引燃,但测试结果显示各样品的阻火性能显著提升:引燃时间延长,PHRR、烟气释放速率峰值(PSPR)和总产烟量(TSP)降低,火灾性能指数(FPI)上升,火灾增长指数(FGI)下降,且上述阻火效果随抹灰层厚度的增加进一步增强。分析其阻火机理主要源于抹灰层降低了保温层的温升速率,减缓了热解气体逸出速率,并阻隔了材料与氧气接触,从而降低了火灾危险性。In order to study the fire resistance effect of thin rendering layer on insulation material,cone calorimeter tests were conducted with a 50 kW/m^(2) radiant heat flux to simulate the thermal exposure of a large-scale window fire.The fire resistance effects of rendering layers were studied by comparing the combustion properties of polyurethane foam(PU),extruded polystyrene foam(XPS)and graphite extruded polystyrene foam(GXPS)and the fire resistance properties after applying the thin rendering layers with thicknesses of 3,5 mm and 7 mm respectively.The results show that there are obvious differences in the combustion properties of the three insulation materials without rendering layer.The ignition and peak heat release rate(PHRR)times for PU are the shortest,and its PHRR is the lowest.With a rendering layer,though it does not prevent ignition,the fire resistance properties of each insulation material are significantly improved:the ignition time is prolonged,the PHRR,the peak smoke release rate(PSPR)and the total smoke production(TSP)are reduced,the fire performance index(FPI)is increased,and the fire growth index(FGI)is decreased,and the fire resistance effect is further enhanced with the increase of rendering layer thickness.The fire resistance mechanism is mainly due to the rendering layer reducing the temperature rise rate of the insulation layer,slowing the escape rate of the pyrolysis gas,and blocking the contact between materials and oxygen,thus reducing the fire risk.

关 键 词：聚氨酯泡沫板 挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫板 石墨挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫板 薄抹灰 燃烧性能 阻火效果 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU551[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]