我国危化企业专职消防队(站)建设探讨  

Discussion on the construction of full-time fire brigades(stations)in hazardous chemical enterprises in China

作　　者：包有权 王璐 邱培芳 程诚 智会强 郝爱玲 范亚坤 Bao Youquan;Wang Lu;Qiu Peifang;Cheng Cheng;Zhi Huiqiang;Hao Ailing;Fan Yakun(Tianjin Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM,Tianjin 300381,China;Key Laboratory of Fire Protection Technology for Industry and Public Building,Ministry of Emergency Management,Tianjin 300381,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Fire Safety Technology,Tianjin 300381,China;Pipe China North Pipeline Co.,Ltd,Langfang Hebei 065000,China)

机构地区：[1]应急管理部天津消防研究所,天津300381 [2]工业与公共建筑火灾防控技术应急管理部重点实验室,天津300381 [3]天津市消防安全技术重点实验室,天津300381 [4]国家管网集团北方管道有限责任公司,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2025年第1期125-130,共6页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：国家消防救援局科技计划项目(2023XFLR44,2022XFCX21)。

摘　　要：介绍了石油化工企业、煤化工企业、精细化工企业、石油(储备)库和石油天然气企业等危化企业的火灾危险性、火灾爆炸事故特点和消防车辆配备重点,梳理了我国危化企业专职消防队(站)建设的相关法律法规、部门规章、文件及国家标准的要求。从法律法规标准体系、用工模式、职业待遇、装备器材和技能培训等方面分析了我国危化企业专职消防队(站)建设存在的问题。围绕完善法规标准体系、建立评估方法和机制、创新用工模式、提升综合保障能力、优化装备器材配置和加强职业技能培训等目标,研究提出了我国危化企业专职消防队(站)建设的建议。This work introduced the fire risk,the characteristics of fire and explosion accidents and the key points of fire truck selection in hazardous chemical enterprises such as petrochemical enterprises,coal chemical enterprises,fine chemical enterprises,oil(storage)depot,petroleum and natural gas enterprises,and summarized the relevant laws and regulations,departmental rules and documents,national codes for the construction of full-time fire brigades(stations)in hazardous chemical enterprises in China.From the aspects of law,regulation and standard system,employment mode,occupational treatment,equipment and skill training,the problems existing in the construction of full-time fire brigades(stations)in hazardous enterprises in China were analyzed.Focusing on the goals of improving the system of regulations and standards,establishing evaluation methods and mechanisms,innovating employment modes,improving comprehensive support capabilities,optimizing equipment allocation,and strengthening vocational skills training,we put forward suggestions on the construction of full-time fire brigades(stations)in hazardous enterprises in China.

关 键 词：石油化工企业 煤化工企业 精细化工企业 石油(储备)库 石油天然气企业 专职消防队 企业消防站 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU998.1[建筑科学—市政工程]