中国银矿床类型、时空分布与找矿远景  

Types,spatial-temporal distribution and exploration potential of silver deposits in China

作　　者：秦克章[1,2] 韩日 回凯旋 李真真 阚靖 王乐 高燊 赵俊兴[1] QIN KeZhang;HAN Ri;HUI KaiXuan;LI ZhenZhen;KAN Jing;WANG Le;GAO Shen;ZHAO JunXing(State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environment Coevolution,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;College of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Shenyang Center of China Geological Survey,Shenyang 110034,China;School of Earth Sciences,Institute of Disaster Prevention,Hebei Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics,Sanhe 065201,China;Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology,China Geological Survey,Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao 266237,China;School of Earth Sciences and Resources,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]岩石圈演化与环境演变全国重点实验室,中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049 [3]中国地质调查局沈阳地质调查中心,沈阳110034 [4]河北省地震动力学重点实验室,防灾科技学院地球科学学院,三河065201 [5]青岛海洋科技中心海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室,青岛海洋地质研究所,青岛266237 [6]中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京100083

出　　处：《岩石学报》2025年第2期383-415,共33页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察(2019QZKK0806);国家重点科技研发计划深地项目-北方东部复合造山成矿(2017YFC0601306);国家自然科学基金项目(91855102)联合资助.

摘　　要：我国银矿床分布广泛,矿床成因类型多。近些年来,一些大型-超大型银矿床的相继发现,改写了我国银资源的分布格局。因此亟需对我国银矿床主要成因类型及时空分布规律进行系统总结与研究。本文经过系统整理,梳理出我国77座中型以上(>200t)的银多金属矿床的基本信息与要素,将我国银矿床划分为浅成低温热液型、斑岩型、矽卡岩型、VMS型、SEDEX型、MVT型、沉积型和风化型(红土型)等八种类型,其中以浅成低温热液型最为主要。中国银矿床主要形成于中生代,尤其是晚侏罗世-早白垩世,空间上划分出兴蒙、华北、秦岭-东昆仑、华南、西藏-三江等五个银成矿省。银成矿省成因与陆壳类型(古老和新生地壳)、伸展构造背景和大规模中酸性岩浆活动密切相关。综合上述因素,兴蒙复合造山带仍然是具有巨大找矿潜力的成矿区。那更康切尔沟银多金属矿床的发现表明东昆仑(原特提斯-新特提斯)叠合造山带地区具有很好的找矿潜力。三江复合造山带在银锡矿床的勘查方面亦潜力巨大。Silver deposits are widely distributed across China,displaying a variety of genetic types.In recent years,the discovery of several large to super-large silver deposits has significantly reshaped the distribution pattern of silver resources in China.This highlights the urgent need for a comprehensive review of the primary genetic types and the spatial-temporal distribution of silver deposits in the country.This study compiles and organizes fundamental data and characteristics from 77 medium-sized and larger(>200t)silver-polymetallic deposits throughout China.The deposits are classified into eight genetic types:epithermal,porphyry,skarn,VMS,SEDEX,MVT,sedimentary,and weathering(red soil)types.Among these,epithermal deposits are the most prominent.The formation of silver deposits in China predominantly occurred during the Mesozoic,particularly in the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.Spatially,these deposits are grouped into five major metallogenic provinces:Xingmeng,North China,Qinling-East Kunlun,South China,and Tibet-Sanjiang.The genesis of silver metallogenic provinces is closely related to the types of basement crust(ancient and juvenile crust),extensional tectonic settings,and extensive intermediate-silicic magmatic activities.Considering these factors,the Xingmeng composite orogenic belt is identified as a mineralized belt with significant potential for exploration.The discovery of the Nagengkangqieergou silver polymetallic deposit indicates that the Eastern Kunlun(Proto-Neo-Tethys)superimposed orogenic belt possesses considerable potential for mineral exploration.Similarly,the Sanjiang composite orogenic belt also holds substantial potential for exploring silver-tin deposits.

关 键 词：中国银矿床 成因类型 地质特征 时空分布 银成矿省 找矿前景 

分 类 号：P611[天文地球—矿床学] P618.52[天文地球—地质学]