三江成矿带双户湾金矿床碲矿物的发现及其地质意义  

Identification of tellurium minerals in the Shuanghuwan gold deposit,Sanjiang Metallogenic Belt,and its geological significances

作　　者：刘小春 薛传东[2] 李连鑫 黄茂坤 罗泽雄[4] 林淞[1] 康志宏 王永彬 LIU XiaoChun;XUE ChuanDong;LI LianXin;HUANG MaoKun;LUO ZeXiong;LIN Song;KANG ZhiHong;WANG YongBin(Yunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System Science,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China;Faculty of Land Resources Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Yunnan Simao Landscape Copper Industry Co.,Ltd.,Puer 665000,China;Yunnan Institute of Geological and Mineral Exploration,Kunming 650051,China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sanjiang Metallogeny and Resources Exploration and Utilization,Kunming 650051,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学,云南省地球系统科学研究重点实验室,昆明650500 [2]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,昆明650093 [3]云南思茅山水铜业有限公司,普洱665000 [4]云南省地质矿产勘查院,昆明650051 [5]云南省三江成矿作用及资源勘查利用重点实验室,昆明650051

出　　处：《岩石学报》2025年第2期544-564,共21页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：云南省基础研究项目(202201AS070004、202401AT070490);国家自然科学基金项目(42162009);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2021QZKK0301、2019QZKK0801、2019QZKK0704)联合资助.

摘　　要：碲的化合物因具备良好的光电热性能,被列为发展高端制造业的关键金属之一。然而,碲在地壳中含量低、矿物颗粒小、分布不均匀、独立成矿难,使得其准确赋存状态和超常富集机制尚不清晰。双户湾是三江成矿带中南段新近发现的富碲中型金矿床,因其独特的成矿条件,该矿床已成为探讨三江成矿带碲富集作用的天然实验室。矿体产于中-晚志留世火山岩内,受控于近NS向断裂。成矿作用可分为石英-黄铁矿阶段(Ⅰ)、石英-绢云母-多金属硫化物/碲化物阶段(Ⅱ)和方解石-石英-少硫化物阶段(Ⅲ),其中金和碲主要发育于阶段Ⅱ。显微观察及扫描电镜显示碲矿物主要为微纳米级的碲金矿、碲铋矿、碲镍矿、碲汞矿、自然碲,其中碲金矿为金的重要载体。结合赋矿火山岩、低温矿物组合(玉髓质石英、绢云母、方解石和碲矿物)、近矿围岩蚀变(硅化、绢云母化和碳酸盐化)及高Co/Ni比值和低S/Fe原子比值分析,本文认为双户湾矿是与钙碱性火山岩有关的浅成低温热液型碲金矿,其物质来源可能有幔源物质贡献,金属沉淀可能受控于碲逸度和硫逸度的变化,同时推断其深部可能存在斑岩型Cu(Mo)矿化潜力。Due to the good electric and thermal properties,the tellurium has been listed as the key metal in the development of high-end manufacturing industry.However,because of the low content of tellurium in the earth’s crust,uneven distribution of the tellurium in the sulfide,and small particle and ore-forming difficulty of independent minerals,the exact occurrences and enrichment mechanism of tellurium remain unclear.Shuanghuwan gold deposit is a newly discovered medium-sized deposit in the middle and southern part of the Sanjiang Metallogenic Belt,which has become a natural laboratory for studies on the tellurium enrichment.The orebodies occur in the Middle-Late Silurian volcanic rocks,and are controlled by nearly NS-trending faults.Mineralization process can be divided into quartz-pyrite stage(Ⅰ),quartz-sericite-polymetallic sulfide/telluride stage(Ⅱ),and calcite-quartz-sulfide stage(Ⅲ).Gold and tellurium are mainly discovered in the stage Ⅱ.Microscopic observation and scanning electron microscope show that tellurium minerals are mainly micro/nono-scale calaverite,tellurobismuthite,melonite,coloradoite and native tellurium,among which calaverite is an important carrier of gold.Combined with the host volcanic rocks,low-temperature mineral assemblages(chalcedony quartz,sericite,calcite and telluride),wall-rock alteration(silicification,sericitization and carbonation)and high Co/Ni ratios and low S/Fe atomic ratios,Shuanghuwan deposit is inferred to be a calc-alkaline volvanic rocks-related epithermal tellurium-gold deposit.Furthermore,its sources of ore-forming materials may be contributed by mantle-derived materials,and metal precipitation may be controlled by changes in tellurium and sulfur fugacity.Additionally,it is inferred that there may be porphyry type Cu(Mo)mineralization potential in the deep part.

关 键 词：碲化物 浅成低温热液型金矿 双户湾 三江成矿带 

分 类 号：P575.1[天文地球—矿物学] P618.83[天文地球—地质学]