保存条件对陆相中高熟页岩油富集与流动性保持的作用  

Role of preservation conditions on enrichment and fluidity maintenance of medium to high maturity lacustrine shale oil

作　　者：赵文智[1,2,3,4] 刘伟 卞从胜[1,2,3] 刘显阳[4,5] 蒲秀刚 陆加敏[3,7] 李永新 李军辉[3,7] 刘诗局[1,2] 关铭 付秀丽[3,7] 董劲[1,2,3] ZHAO Wenzhi;LIU Wei;BIAN Congsheng;LIU Xianyang;PU Xiugang;LU Jiamin;LI Yongxin;LI Junhui;LIU Shiju;GUAN Ming;FU Xiuli;DONG Jin(ZWZ Academician Research Studio,PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,Beijing 100083,China;PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,Beijing 100083,China;National Key Laboratory for Green Mining of Multi-Resource Collaborative Continental Shale Oil,Daqing 163712;National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability Oil&Gas Fields,Xi’an 710018,China;PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710018,China;Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,PetroChina Dagang Oilfield Company,Tianjin 300280,China;Exploration and Development Research Institute of PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Company,Daqing 163712,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院赵文智院士工作室,北京100083 [2]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [3]多资源协同陆相页岩油绿色开采全国重点实验室,黑龙江大庆163712 [4]低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室,西安710018 [5]中国石油长庆油田公司,西安710018 [6]中国石油大港油田公司勘探开发研究院,天津300280 [7]中国石油大庆油田公司勘探开发研究院,黑龙江大庆163712

出　　处：《石油勘探与开发》2025年第1期1-14,共14页Petroleum Exploration and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金项目(U22B6004);中国石油勘探开发研究院院级项目(2022yjcq03);中国石油长庆油田公司关键核心技术攻关项目(KJZX2023-01)。

摘　　要：陆相页岩烃源岩层系内部滞留烃数量与品质的控制因素除生烃母质类型、丰度、热成熟度与页岩储层储集空间外,烃源岩保存条件作为关键影响因素,在现阶段关注较少;针对该科学问题,以实例解剖为出发点,探讨保存条件在页岩油可动烃富集中的作用。研究表明,良好的保存条件主要有3方面的关键作用:①确保足够多的轻烃(C_(1)—C_(13))、中组分烃(C_(14)—C_(25))和小分子芳香烃(含1~2个苯环)留在地层中以增加页岩油流动性和流动量;②确保地层具有较高的能量场(异常高压),以推动页岩油最大量流出;③确保滞留烃保持多组分烃(轻烃、中质烃、重烃和含杂原子化合物)混相流动条件,使重烃(ΣC_(25+))和重质组分(非烃和沥青质)有最佳流动度和最大流动量。经实例解剖证实,凡经济可采性较好的陆相页岩油除有机质类型、丰度与热成熟度及储集空间等有利条件外,页岩层系保存条件好,是页岩油经济成藏的关键因素,应纳入页岩油富集区/段评价标准,成为有利勘探靶体选择的必要条件。In addition to the organic matter type,abundance,thermal maturity,and shale reservoir space,the preservation conditions of source rocks play a key factor in affecting the quantity and quality of retained hydrocarbons in source rocks of lacustrine shale,yet this aspect has received little attention.This paper,based on the case analysis,explores how preservation conditions influence the enrichment of mobile hydrocarbons in shale oil.The following findings are obtained:(1)Optimal preservation conditions ensure the retention of sufficient light hydrocarbons(C_(1)–C_(13)),medium hydrocarbons(C_(14)–C_(25))and small molecular aromatics(including 1–2 benzene rings)in the formation,which enhances the fluidity and flow of shale oil;(2)Good preservation conditions also maintain a high energy field(abnormally high pressure),facilitating the maximum outflow of shale oil;(3)Good preservation conditions ensure that the retained hydrocarbons have the miscible flow condition of multi-component hydrocarbons(light hydrocarbons,medium hydrocarbons,heavy hydrocarbons,and heteroatomic compounds),so that the heavy hydrocarbons(ΣC_(25+))and heavy components(non-hydrocarbons and asphaltenes)have improved fluidity and maximum flow capacity.In conclusion,in addition to the advantages of organic matter type,abundance,thermal maturity,and reservoir space,good preservation conditions of shale layers are essential for the formation of economically viable shale oil reservoirs,which should be incorporated into the evaluation criteria of shale oil-rich areas/segments and considered a necessary factor when selecting favorable exploration targets.

关 键 词：陆相中高熟页岩油 可动烃富集 保存条件 地层能量场 烃组分混相 滞留烃流动度 松辽盆地 鄂尔多斯盆地 准噶尔盆地 渤海湾盆地 

分 类 号：TE122.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]