超深水超浅层天然气富集机理与成藏模式——以琼东南盆地陵水36-1气田为例  

Enrichment mechanisms and accumulation model of ultra-deep water and ultra-shallow gas:A case study of Lingshui 36-1 gas field in Qiongdongnan Basin,South China Sea

作　　者：徐长贵 吴克强 裴健翔 胡林 XU Changgui;WU Keqiang;PEI Jianxiang;HU Lin(China National Offshore Oil Corporation,Beijing 100010,China;National Engineering Research Center of Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration,Beijing 100010,China;Hainan Branch,CNOOC Limited,Haikou 570312,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋石油集团有限公司,北京100010 [2]海洋油气勘探国家工程研究中心,北京100010 [3]中海石油(中国)有限公司海南分公司,海口570312

出　　处：《石油勘探与开发》2025年第1期44-56,共13页Petroleum Exploration and Development

基　　金：中海石油(中国)有限公司综合科研项目“南海大中型天然气田形成条件、勘探潜力与突破方向”(KJZH-2021-0003-00)。

摘　　要：基于琼东南盆地油气勘探实践与油气地质研究新进展,综合地震、测井、钻井、岩心、井壁取心及地球化学等新资料,以陵水36-1气田为例,对超深水超浅层天然气田的气源、储-盖条件、圈闭类型、运聚特征、富集机理与成藏模式开展系统研究。研究表明:①琼东南盆地超深水超浅层天然气成因类型包括热成因气和生物气,以热成因气为主;②储层主要为第四系深水海底扇砂岩;③盖层类型有深海泥岩、块体流泥岩及含水合物地层;④圈闭类型以岩性圈闭为主,也发育构造-岩性圈闭;⑤运移通道包括断层、气烟囱、裂隙带等垂向输导通道及大型砂体、不整合面等侧向输导层,构成单一或者复合输导格架。提出超深水超浅层天然气“深浅双源供烃、气烟囱-海底扇复合输导、深海泥岩-块体流泥岩-含水合物地层三元封盖、晚期动态成藏、脊线规模富集”的天然气成藏新模式。研究取得的新认识对下步深水超浅层及相关领域或地区的油气勘探具有借鉴和启示意义。Based on petroleum exploration and new progress of oil and gas geology study in the Qiongdongnan Basin,combined with seismic,logging,drilling,core,sidewall coring,geochemistry data,a systematic study is conducted on the source,reservoir-cap conditions,trap types,migration and accumulation characteristics,enrichment mechanisms,and reservoir formation models of ultra-deep water and ultra-shallow natural gas,taking the Lingshui 36-1 gas field as an example.(1)The genetic types of the ultra-deep water and ultra-shallow natural gas in the Qiongdongnan Basin include thermogenic gas and biogenic gas,and dominated by thermogenic gas.(2)The reservoirs are mainly composed of the Quaternary deep-water submarine fan sandstone.(3)The types of cap rocks include deep-sea mudstone,mass flow mudstone,and hydrate-bearing formations.(4)The types of traps are mainly lithological,and also include structural-lithological traps.(5)The migration channels include vertical transport channels such as faults,gas chimneys,fracture zones,and lateral transport layers such as large sand bodies and unconformity surfaces,forming a single or composite transport framework.A new natural gas accumulation model is proposed for ultra-deep water and ultra-shallow layers,that is,dual source hydrocarbon supply,gas chimney and submarine fan composite migration,deep-sea mudstone-mass flow mudstone-hydrate-bearing strata ternary sealing,late dynamic accumulation,and large-scale enrichment at ridges.The new understanding obtained from the research has reference and enlightening significance for the next step of deepwater and ultra-shallow layers,as well as oil and gas exploration in related fields or regions.

关 键 词：南中国海 琼东南盆地 超深水 超浅层 天然气 水合物 第四系 重力流海底扇 成藏模式 

分 类 号：TE122[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]