超临界水环境下稠油改质降黏特性实验  

Experiments on the characteristics of upgrading and viscosity reduction of heavy oil under supercritical water conditions

作　　者：黄中伟[1] 沈亚洲 武晓光[1] 李根生[1] 龙腾达 邹文超 孙唯真 沈昊旸 HUANG Zhongwei;SHEN Yazhou;WU Xiaoguang;LI Gensheng;LONG Tengda;ZOU Wenchao;SUN Weizhen;SHEN Haoyang(State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]油气资源与工程全国重点实验室,中国石油大学(北京),北京102249

出　　处：《石油勘探与开发》2025年第1期151-160,共10页Petroleum Exploration and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(52421002);国家自然科学基金面上基金项目(52474016)。

摘　　要：通过室内实验和测试分析,系统阐述超临界水环境下稠油改质降黏的宏观及微观特征,并分析反应温度、反应时间、油水比3种反应参数对产物及降黏效果的影响。研究表明:经超临界水处理后,稠油流动状态显著改善,平均降黏率达99.4%。反应温度过高,将导致胶质和沥青质含量增加,焦炭产量显著提升,最佳温度为380~420℃;反应时间过长,稀油产量持续增加,但胶质与沥青质含量也有所提升,最佳反应时间约为150 min;减小油水比有助于改善反应体系内的扩散环境,降低胶质与沥青质含量,但稠油处理成本增加,油水比为1∶2时可兼顾改质降黏效果与经济性。3种反应参数与油样黏度的相关性由高到低排序为温度、时间、油水比;稠油四组分含量中,黏度受沥青质含量影响最大,芳香烃次之,受胶质和饱和烃含量影响较小。This paper investigates the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of viscosity reduction and quality improvement of heavy oil in a supercritical water environment through laboratory experiments and testing.The effect of three reaction parameters,i.e.reaction temperature,reaction time and oil-water ratio,is analyzed on the product and their correlation with viscosity.The results show that the flow state of heavy oil is significantly improved with a viscosity reduction of 99.4%in average after the reaction in the supercritical water.Excessively high reaction temperature leads to a higher content of resins and asphaltenes,with significantly increasing production of coke.The optimal temperature ranges in 380–420°C.Prolonged reaction time could continuously increase the yield of light oil,but it will also results in the growth of resins and asphaltenes,with the optimal reaction time of 150 min.Reducing the oil-water ratio helps improve the diffusion environment within the reaction system and reduce the content of resins and asphaltenes,but it will increase the cost of heavy oil treatment.An oil-water ratio of 1︰2 is considered as optimum to balance the quality improvement,viscosity reduction and reaction economics.The correlation of the three reaction parameters relative to the oil sample viscosity is ranked as temperature,time and oil-water ratio.Among the four fractions of heavy oil,the viscosity is dominated by asphaltene content,followed by aromatic content and less affected by resins and saturates contents.

关 键 词：稠油 超临界水 原位改质 降黏特性 影响因素 稠油热采 降黏集输 

分 类 号：TE345[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]