近10年北京市河流污染时空变化特征分析  

Analysis of the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of Beijing rivers pollution during recent ten years

作　　者：田颖 刘保献 陶蕾 荆红卫 常淼 马召辉 TIAN Ying;LIU Baoxian;TAO Lei;JING Hongwei;CHANG Miao;MA Zhaohui(Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center,Beijing 100048;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Materials Flux in Rivers,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京市生态环境监测中心,北京100048 [2]国家环境保护河流全物质通量重点实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2025年第1期96-100,108,共6页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2021YFC1809000)。

摘　　要：分析2013-2022年北京市河流环境质量变化情况。结果显示,近10年河流环境质量显著改善,高锰酸盐指数、氨氮年均质量浓度分别下降了56.8%和96.6%,整体变化趋势符合Boltzmann函数,以北运河水系改善幅度最大。丰、枯水期相对规律发生变化,高锰酸盐指数以2018年为转折点,氨氮以2020年为转折点,丰水期污染物质量浓度超过枯水期;空间上,整体上游优于中下游,山区优于平原的特征未改变,但空间差异已明显缩小。10年间全市河流水质状况经历匀速改善-快速改善-稳步改善3个阶段。现阶段非点源污染问题凸显,城市河流对再生水依赖性强,污染热点区域主要分布在通州区全域,朝阳、顺义和房山区下游区域。为进一步提升首都水环境质量,需重点关注城市非点源、再生水利用状况和热点区域水质变化。The water quality change in Beijing rivers from 2013 to 2022 was analyzed.Results indicated that the water quality of rivers had improved significantly in the past decade.The mass concentration of permanganate index and ammonia nitrogen decreased by 56.8%and 96.6%respectively.The change trends fitted Boltzmann curve well.Among them,Beiyun river basin improved most.The feature of water quality during dry and wet seasons also changed.Mass concentration of pollutants in wet seasons began to exceed that in dry seasons with the division of 2018 for permanganate index and 2020 for ammonia nitrogen.What’s more,the spatial variability of river quality significantly decreased.During recent ten years,rivers in Beijing could be roughly divided into three stages:even improvement stage-rapid improvement stage-steady improvement stage.Currently,non-point source pollution effect began to highlight.And the water quality of urban rivers strongly depended on reclaimed water.According to the result of hot spot analysis,hot spots were mainly distributed in Tongzhou district,and the downstream regions of Chaoyang,Shunyi and Fangshan district.For the sake of continuous improvement,more attentions should be paid to urban non-point source pollution,the use of reclaimed water and water change of hot spots area.

关 键 词：时空变化 趋势模拟 非点源污染 汛期污染强度 热点分析 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]