环境介质中微塑料分离检测技术现状解析  

Current status analysis of microplastics separation and detection technology in environmental media

作　　者：邵媛媛 韩郭兰 李松 王洪波[1] 王宁[1] 陈高[2] SHAO Yuanyuan;HAN Guolan;LI Song;WANG Hongbo;WANG Ning;CHEN Gao(School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan Shandong 250101;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan Shandong 250000)

机构地区：[1]山东建筑大学市政与环境工程学院,山东济南250101 [2]山东省农业科学院,山东济南250000

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2025年第1期130-137,共8页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目(No.2022TZXD0044、No.2022CXGC021001)。

摘　　要：微塑料作为目前国内外广泛关注的一种新污染物,研究主要聚焦微塑料的来源、迁移、毒性等方面,然而由于其颗粒粒径小、污染载体负荷种类较多且在多介质中极易迁移,存在难以准确检测及定量的瓶颈问题,因此亟需准确高效、操作方便、普适性高的定性检测技术以及成本廉价的定量技术。通过梳理总结不同环境介质中微塑料的多种分离检测技术,分析对比不同技术的优缺点及适用条件,指出目前不同分离检测技术对不同环境介质微塑料检测结果存在较大差异性,缺乏标准化分析方法、标准样品库、高效的分离技术以及准确的定量技术。因此需要建立标准统一的分离检测方法,从而为客观评估微塑料污染及其潜在影响和风险提供可靠技术支持。As a new type of pollutant,the microplastics have attracted widespread attention both domestically and internationally.Current research primarily focused on the sources,migration,toxicity,and other aspects of microplastics.However,detected and quantified microplastics accurately presents significant challenges due to their small particle size,diverse pollution carriers,and their ability to easily migrate in various media.Therefore,there is an urgent need for qualitative detection technologies that are accurate,efficient,easy to operate,and universally applicable,as well as low-cost quantitative technologies.This paper aimed to summarize various separation and detection technologies for microplastics in different environmental media.The advantages,disadvantages,and applicable conditions of different technologies were analyzed and compared.It was pointed out that there were significant differences in the detection results of microplastics in different environmental media by different separation and detection technologies at present,and there was a lack of standardized separation and analysis methods,standard sample libraries,efficient separation techniques,and accurate quantitative techniques.Therefore,it is necessary to establish a standardized and unified separation and detection methods to provide reliable technical support for the objective assessment of microplastic pollution and its potential impacts and risks.

关 键 词：新污染物 微塑料 分离技术 定性检测 定量检测 

分 类 号：X830[环境科学与工程—环境工程]