稻萍还田和稻田养萍对稻田氨挥发的影响  

The effect of returning duckweed to rice fields and rising Azolla in rice fields on ammonia volatilization

作　　者：朱彤 张敏 尹斌[3] 姚元林 ZHU Tong;ZHANG Min;YIN Bin;YAO Yuan-lin(School of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology,Nanjing Jiangsu 210044;Luoyang Normal University,Luoyang Henan 471934;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing Jiangsu 210018)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,江苏省农业气象重点实验室,江苏南京210044 [2]洛阳师范学院,河南洛阳471934 [3]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210018

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第12期36-41,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(42007210)。

摘　　要：红萍和紫背浮萍均为优质的生物绿肥,稻萍还田是一种绿色农业生态系统管理方法,可以提高土壤有机质和氮含量,从而替代或减少氮肥的使用,但红萍和紫背浮萍还田对氨挥发及水稻产量的影响,目前未知。为了明确稻萍还田对稻田氨挥发和产量的影响,采用盆栽试验,设置两种绿肥还田(红萍和紫背浮萍)及放养红萍,共5种处理,检测整个稻季的氨挥发日通量及总量、水稻的籽粒产量、秸秆产量及生物量。试验结果表明:(1)与常规施肥处理相比,红萍和紫背浮萍还田处理显著增加了稻季氨挥发总量(P<0.05),红萍还田和紫背浮萍还田的增幅分别为25%和50%,而稻田养萍处理可使稻季氨挥发总量减少26.7%;(2)红萍和紫背浮萍还田处理显著提高了水稻的籽粒产量,分别为当地常规施肥处理籽粒产量的1.54和1.64倍,稻田养萍处理可使水稻产量增加14.8%。综上所述,稻萍还田使稻田产量上升,但增加了氨挥发量,而稻田养萍既能提高水稻产量又能减少稻田氨挥发。Azolla and Spirodela polyrhiza are both high-quality biological green fertilizers.Returning duckweed to the field is a green agricultural ecosystem management method that can increase soil organic matter and nitrogen content,thereby replacing or reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizer.However,the impact of returning Azolla and spirodela polyrrhiza to the field on ammonia volatilization and rice yield is currently unknown.To clarify the impact of duckweed returning to the field on ammonia volatilization and yield in rice fields,a pot experiment was conducted with 5 treatments,namely,local conventional practice(CT),two types of green manure(Azolla and spirodela polyrrhiza)returning to the field(CTDA and CTDD),Azolla-rice co-culture(CTA),and CK.The daily flux and total amount of ammonia volatilization in the entire rice season,as well as the grain yield,straw yield,and biomass of rice were tested.The experimental results showed that:(1)Compared with CT,the Azolla or spirodela polyrrhiza returning significantly increased the total ammonia volatilization in the rice season(P<0.05),with an increase of 25%in CTDA and 50%in CTDD,respectively.CTA treatment in rice fields reduced the total amount of ammonia volatilization during the rice season by 26.7%.(2)The treatment of returning Azolla or spirodela polyrrhiza to the field significantly increased rice grain yield,which was 1.54 and 1.64 times higher than the CT treatment,respectively.CTA treatment increased rice yield by 14.8%.In conclusion,returning Azolla or spirodela polyrrhiza to the field increased rice yield while increasing ammonia volatilization at the same time.Raising Azolla in rice fields could not only increase rice yield but also reduce ammonia volatilization.

关 键 词：红萍 紫背浮萍 稻萍还田 氨挥发 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]