稻秸还田配施氮肥对紫云英生长及土壤肥力的影响  

The effect of straw returning with nitrogen fertilizer on the growth of Chinese milk vetch and soil fertility

作　　者：高原 卜容燕 韩上 程文龙 唐杉[2] 朱睿 李敏[2] 王慧 朱林[1] 武际[2] GAO Yuan;BU Rong-yan;HAN Shang;CHENG Wen-long;TANG Shan;ZHU Rui;LI Min;WANG Hui;ZHU Lin;WU Ji(College of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei Anhui 230036;Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Cultivated Land Conservation,Hefei Anhui 230031)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽合肥230036 [2]安徽省农业科学院土壤与肥料研究所/养分循环与耕地保育安徽省重点实验室,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第12期94-102,共9页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1700200);国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22)。

摘　　要：为优化稻田紫云英高产栽培和解决稻秸资源化利用难题,研究了稻秸还田和氮肥配施对紫云英生长、养分吸收以及土壤肥力的影响,以明确稻秸和化学氮肥适宜用量配比,为稻田肥料运筹提供科学依据。设置稻秸和氮肥双因素试验,稻秸还田3个处理,分别为不还田、半量还田(3000 kg·hm^(-2))、高量还田(6000 kg·hm^(-2));氮肥用量4个处理,为0 kg·hm^(-2)(N0)、45 kg·hm^(-2)(N1)、90 kg·hm^(-2)(N2)、135 kg·hm^(-2)(N3)。测定了盛花期的紫云英鲜草产量及植株氮、磷、钾吸收量,分析了土壤总有机质和活性有机质(微生物量和颗粒态有机质)中碳和氮的含量。结果表明,稻秸还田和施用氮肥有利于提高紫云英的鲜草产量。无氮肥投入时,高量稻秸还田紫云英鲜草产量降低8.6%,随着氮肥用量的增加,稻秸还田处理紫云英鲜草产量增加幅度逐渐增加,且在N2处理时,高量稻秸还田处理增幅最大,为21.3%。在稻秸半量还田条件下,紫云英鲜草产量随着氮肥用量增加而增加,且在N3处理紫云英鲜草产量最大,显著高于其他处理;在稻秸高量还田条件下,N2、N3处理的紫云英鲜草产量差异不显著。稻秸还田提高了紫云英地上部氮和钾积累量,施用氮肥提高了紫云英地上部氮、磷和钾养分积累量。施用氮肥配施稻秸还田有利于提高土壤全氮、无机氮、微生物量氮和颗粒态氮的含量,在N2处理下,稻秸高量还田处理土壤全氮、无机氮、微生物量氮和颗粒态氮的含量显著高于N1和N0处理,与N3处理差异不显著。方差分析表明,稻秸还田和施用氮肥对紫云英鲜草产量、地上部氮和钾积累量及土壤微生物量碳和颗粒态碳的含量具有显著的交互作用(P<0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,稻秸还田量为6000 kg·hm^(-2)、氮肥用量为90 kg·hm^(-2)是较适合的配比,不仅有利于提高紫云英鲜草产量和养分吸收量,也能有效培肥土壤。To optimize the high-yield cultivation of Chinese milk vetch(Astragalus sinicus)in paddy fields and address the challenge of utilizing rice straw resources,a study was conducted to investigate the effects of rice straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer application on the growth,nutrient uptake of Chinese milk vetch,and soil fertility.The objective was to determine the appropriate ratio of rice straw and chemical nitrogen fertilizer application to provide a scientific basis.A double-factor experiment was conducted with varying levels of rice straw dosage 0(S0),3000 kg·hm^(-2)(half returned to field,S1),and 6000 kg·hm^(-2)(full returned to field,S2)combined with different nitrogen fertilizer dosages 0 kg·hm^(-2)(N0),45 kg·hm^(-2)(N1),90 kg·hm^(-2)(N2),and 135 kg·hm^(-2)(N3).At the peak flowering stage of Chinese milk vetch,the yield of fresh grass,and nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium of plant were measured.The soil content of carbon,nitrogen in total organic matter and active organic matter including microbial biomass and granular organic matter in soil were analyzed.The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer and rice straw incorporation was beneficial for increasing the fresh yield of Chinese milk vetch.Without nitrogen fertilizer input,the fresh yield of Chinese milk vetch decreased by 8.6%with high-rate rice straw incorporation.As the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increased,the increment in fresh yield of Chinese milk vetch with rice straw incorporation treatments gradually increased,with the largest increase of 21.3%observed in the N2 treatment with high-rate rice straw incorporation.Under the condition of half-rate rice straw incorporation,the fresh yield of Chinese milk vetch increased with the increment of nitrogen fertilizer,with the highest yield observed in the N3 treatment,which was significantly higher than other treatments.With high-rate rice straw incorporation,there was no significant difference in the fresh yield of Chinese milk vetch between the N2 and N3 treatments.Addition

关 键 词：豆科绿肥 稻秸 碳氮互济 鲜草产量 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]