微生物菌肥与生物炭配施对“非粮化”复耕稻区水稻产量品质和土壤理化性质的影响  

The effect of combined application of microbial fertilizer and biochar on yield,quality of rice,and soil physicochemical properties in non-grain reclaimed rice areas

作　　者：胡铁军 斯林林 HU Tie-jun;SI Lin-lin(Yuyao Agricultural Technology Extension Service Station,Yuyao Zhejiang 315400;Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000)

机构地区：[1]余姚市农业技术推广服务总站,浙江余姚315400 [2]浙江省农业科学院,浙江杭州310000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第12期119-128,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：宁波市公益类科技项目(2023S127)。

摘　　要：为明确微生物菌肥和生物炭在复耕稻区的最佳配施比例,以不施肥和常规施肥为对照,在常规施肥的基础上设置单施微生物菌肥(1500 kg/hm^(2))以及微生物菌肥配施4个用量的生物炭(1500、2250、3000、3750 kg/hm^(2))处理,比较不同处理对水稻经济性状、产量、稻米品质和土壤pH值及养分、土壤酶活性、微生物数量的影响,结果显示,微生物菌肥配施生物炭均显著提高了水稻经济性状和产量、稻米品质,而且随生物炭用量的增加呈先升后降的趋势,利用隶属函数法对经济性状和品质进行综合评价,显示微生物菌肥配施生物炭3000kg/hm^(2)处理评分最高,与常规施肥相比,能显著提高产量12.59%,糙米率、精米率、整精米率和胶稠度分别显著提高0.82%、3.84%、5.24%和6.23%,垩白度显著降低25.58%。同时两者配施比常规施肥pH值及有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量分别显著提升0.20~0.31及13.18%~33.48%、5.97%~15.73%、17.81%~39.83%、6.19%~9.48%,蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和纤维素酶活性分别显著提高32.64%~54.91%、14.07%~35.56%、87.93%~137.93%和5.30%~12.42%,细菌和放线菌生物量分别显著提高35.88%~61.57%和25.44%~39.91%,真菌生物量显著减少7.34%~22.28%,通过主成分分析综合得分,微生物菌肥配施生物炭3750 kg/hm^(2)处理得分最高,但以经济性考虑,推荐常规施肥+微生物菌肥1500 kg/hm^(2)+生物炭3000 kg/hm^(2)的施肥模式应用推广于当地生产中。In order to determine the optimal combination ratio of microbial fertilizer and biochar in reclaimed rice areas,no fertilization and conventional fertilization were used as controls,on the basis of conventional fertilization,a single application of microbial fertilizer(1500 kg/hm^(2))and four different amounts of biochar(1500,2250,3000,3750 kg/hm^(2))were applied with microbial fertilizer.The effects of different treatments on rice economic traits,yield,rice quality,soil pH value and nutrients,soil enzyme activity and microbial quantity were compared.The results showed that microbial fertilizer combined with biochar significantly improved rice economic traits,yield and rice quality,and showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of biochar dosage.A comprehensive evaluation of economic traits and quality was conducted using the membership function method,and it was found that the treatment of microbial fertilizer combined with biochar of 3000 kg/hm^(2) had the highest score.Compared with conventional fertilization,it significantly increased yield by 12.59%,increased the brown rice rate,milled rice rate,whole milled rice rate and gel consistency significantly by 0.82%,3.84%,5.24%and 6.23%,respectively,while decreased the chalkiness significantly by 25.58%.At the same time,the combination of the two fertilizers significantly increased the pH value and organic matter,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium contents by 0.20-0.31,13.18%-33.48%,5.97%-15.73%,17.81%-39.83%and 6.19%-9.48%,respectively,compared to conventional fertilization.The activities of sucrase,urease,catalase and cellulase were significantly increased by 32.64%-54.91%,14.07%-35.56%,87.93%-137.93%and 5.30%-12.42%,respectively.The biomass of bacteria and actinomycetes was significantly increased by 35.88%-61.57%and 25.44%-39.91%,respectively.Fungal biomass significantly decreased by 7.34%-22.28%.According to the comprehensive score of principal component analysis,the treatment of microbial fertilizer combi

关 键 词：水稻 复耕稻区 微生物菌肥 生物炭 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]