不同碳源投入对灰漠土农田土壤呼吸及春小麦产量的影响  

The effect of different fertilizers on soil respiration and yield of spring wheat in gray desert soil

作　　者：刘盈锐 王西和 程军回 杨金钰 屈小慧 刘晓菊 黄伟 LIU Ying-rui;WANG Xi-he;CHENG Jun-hui;YANG Jin-yu;QU Xiao-hui;LIU Xiao-ju;HUANG Wei(Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Saving,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Gray Desert Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Benefit Monitoring Station,Urumqi Xinjiang 830091;College of Resources and Environment,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi Xinjiang 830091)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所/国家灰漠土肥力与肥料效益监测站,新疆乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第12期140-149,184,共11页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41461066);现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-15-49);农业农村部科研设施专项(G202109-2);新疆维吾尔自治区创新环境(人才、基地)建设专项(PT2201)。

摘　　要：为了探明不同碳源投入对春小麦土壤呼吸变化特征及产量的影响,以新疆乌鲁木齐市长期定位试验的8个典型处理[对照(CK),氮磷钾(NPK),常量氮磷钾+常量有机肥(NPKM),增量氮磷钾+增量有机肥(1.5NPKM),单施有机肥(M),氮磷钾+秸秆还田(NPKS),单施秸秆(S),撂荒(CK_(0))]为研究对象,通过LI-COR 8200S土壤智能测量室、LI-7180痕量气体分析仪和Stevens HydraProbe土壤水分、温度传感器对以上处理进行田间原位监测。结果表明:不同碳源投入下,土壤呼吸速率(NCER)差异显著,且NPKM处理全天中12:00达到最大值,其平均NCER最高,NCER值为13.48μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)。不同碳源投入下春小麦各生育期差异显著,且NCER最大值均在拔节期;成熟期,与CK相比,NPK、CK0和NPKS处理间差异显著,NCER值降低,降低了3.11~6.18μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),S处理较CK处理,土壤平均NCER均降低,降低了26.00%~38.00%。NCER随着土壤温度、水分升高而增加,与有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量呈正相关但不显著。单施化肥和添加有机物料(有机肥、秸秆)的处理都可增加作物产量和生物量。综上所述,NCER受土壤温度、水分影响,NCER因春小麦生育期而异,S处理可以减少NCER,其中单施化肥和添加有机物料(有机肥、秸秆)的处理均可以增加作物产量和生物量。In order to investigate the effects of different carbon source inputs on soil respiration characteristics and yield of spring wheat,a long-term positioning experiment was conducted in Urumqi,Xinjiang.Eight typical treatments were set up,including CK,chemical fertilizer of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium(NPK),NPK combined with organic fertilizer(NPKM),1.5 times amount of NPKM(1.5NPKM),organic fertilizer alone(M),NPK combined with straw(NPKS),straw alone(S)and abandoned field(CK_(0)).The above treatments were monitored in situ by LI-COR 8200S soil intelligent measurement chamber,LI-7180 trace gas analyzer and Stevens HydraProbe soil moisture and temperature sensor.The results showed that there were significant differences in soil respiration rate(NCER)among different fertilization treatments,and NPKM treatment reached the maximum value at 12:00 in the whole day,and its average NCER value was the highest,which was 13.48μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1).There were significant differences in the growth stages of spring wheat under different fertilization treatments,and the maximum NCER was in jointing stage.At maturity stage,the difference between NPK,CK0 and NPKS treatments was significant compared with CK,and the NCER value decreased by 3.11-6.18μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1).Compared with CK treatment,the average NCER value of S treatment was lower,which decreased by 26.00%-38.00%.NCER increased with the increase of soil temperature and moisture,but not significantly positively related with soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium.Application of chemical fertilizer alone and addition of organic materials(organic fertilizer,straw)increased crop yield and biomass.In summary,NCER was affected by soil temperature and moisture,and NCER varied according to the growth period of spring wheat.Treatment of S reduced the NCER,and treatment with single application of chemical fertilizer and addition of organic materials(organic fertilizer,straw)increased crop yield and biomass.

关 键 词：长期施肥 灰漠土 土壤呼吸速率 土壤温度 土壤水分 土壤理化性质 春小麦产量 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]