不同铁肥及施用方式对小麦镉积累的影响研究  

Effects of different iron fertilizer and application methods on cadmium accumulation in wheat

作　　者：王俊 张淑华 李广鑫 裴强 闫军保 刘红恩[1] 扶海超 李畅 赵鹏[1] WANG Jun;ZHANG Shu-hua;LI Guang-xin;PEI Qiang;YAN Jun-bao;LIU Hong-en;FU Hai-chao;LI Chang;ZHAO Peng(College of Resources and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou Henan 450000;Xinyang Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Station,Xinyang Henan 464000)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,河南郑州450000 [2]信阳市农业生态与资源保护站,河南信阳464000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第12期185-196,共12页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：河南省科技研发计划联合基金项目(242103810013);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700900);河南省重大科技专项(221100110700)。

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验方法,以冬小麦‘百农207’为供试材料,研究在人工模拟镉(Cd)污染(4 mg/kg Cd)的土壤条件下,不同类型铁肥[EDTA-Fe、纳米氧化铁(FeNPs)、FeSO_(4)]及施用方式(土施、叶面喷施)对小麦Cd积累的影响。结果表明,土施不同类型铁肥(EDTA-Fe、FeNPs、FeSO_(4))均显著降低了土壤有效Cd含量,分别降低了29.46%、20.00%、24.83%。土施和喷施FeSO_(4)处理均显著增加了小麦籽粒的生物量,而土施EDTA-Fe处理由于苗期的毒害作用显著降低了小麦各部位的生物量。两种铁肥施用方式对于小麦各部位的Cd含量均有不同程度的降低,其主要降低了根系对Cd的吸收;其中,土施不同类型铁肥小麦根系Cd含量降低了10.75%~27.50%,喷施降低了11.94%~21.28%。喷施EDTA-Fe和喷施FeNPs对于降低小麦籽粒Cd含量效果较好。此外,小麦各部位Fe、Cu、Zn含量因铁源和施用方式的不同,表现出不同程度的变化。综上所述,土壤有效Cd含量、铁肥类型及施用方式均会影响小麦植株Cd的累积量,通过合理选择铁肥类型及适宜的施用方式可以有效降低Cd污染土壤中小麦籽粒的Cd含量。The effects of different types of iron(Fe)fertilizers[EDTA-Fe,nano-sized iron oxide(FeNPs),FeSO_(4)]and application methods(soil application,foliar spraying)on Cadmium(Cd)accumulation in wheat were studied by pot experiment with winter wheat‘Bainong 207’as the test material under Cd contaminated soils(4 mg/kg Cd).The results showed that soil application of different types of Fe fertilizers(EDTA-Fe,FeNPs,FeSO_(4))reduced the soil available Cd content by 29.46%,20.00%and 24.83%,respectively.Both soil application and foliar spraying of FeSO_(4)significantly increased the biomass of wheat grains,whereas soil application of EDTA-Fe significantly reduced the biomass of each part of wheat due to the toxic effect at seedling stage.The two types of Fe fertilizer application methods showed different degrees of reduction in Cd content in all tissues of wheat,which mainly reduced the uptake of Cd by the root system.Among them,soil application of different types of Fe fertilizers reduced Cd content in wheat roots by 10.75%-27.50%,and foliar spraying reduced it by 11.94%-21.28%.Spraying EDTA-Fe and FeNPs were more effective on reducing Cd content in wheat grains.In addition,the contents of Fe,Cu and Zn in different tissues of wheat varied with different Fe sources and application methods.In conclusion,soil available Cd content,type of Fe fertilizer and application method all affected the accumulation of Cd in wheat plants.Reasonable selection of Fe fertilizer type and appropriate application method could effectively reduce the Cd content of wheat grains in Cd-contaminated soils.

关 键 词：土施 喷施 铁肥 小麦 镉 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]