合理施肥对菊花生长及产量的影响  

The effect of reasonable fertilization on chrysanthemum growth and yield

作　　者：井玉丹 董玲[2] 李卫文[2] 裴欢 王家嘉[1] JING Yu-dan;DONG Ling;LI Wei-wen;PIE Huan;WANG Jia-jia(Soil Fertilizer Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycle and Farmland Conservation in Anhui Province,Hefei Anhui 230031;Horticulture Research Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei Anhui 230031)

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所/养分循环与耕地保育安徽省重点实验室,安徽合肥230031 [2]安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第12期211-217,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-21);国家中药材产业技术体系(CARS-21);合肥综合性国家科学中心大健康研究院安徽中药材种植联合研究中心资助。

摘　　要：安徽省菊花种植施肥随意性强,缺乏统一标准,通过探索菊花合理施肥方法,为菊花高质高产提供数据支撑。设置肥料减量试验:生物有机肥3000 kg/hm^(2)+复合肥(18-18-18)900 kg/hm^(2);生物有机肥3000 kg/hm^(2)+配方肥(18-7-20)900 kg/hm^(2);生物有机肥3000 kg/hm^(2)+配方肥(18-7-20)720 kg/hm^(2);生物有机肥3000 kg/hm^(2)+配方肥(18-7-20)540 kg/hm^(2);CK:生物有机肥3000 kg/hm^(2)。基追比试验:基追比8-2-0;基追比2-6-2;基追比4-4-2;基追比8-0-2。通过对比分析菊花植株养分积累、生长状况和药用成分含量,探究施肥措施对菊花生长、品质及产量的影响。结果表明:优化肥料配比(减磷增钾)较常规施肥处理,绿原酸、木犀草苷和3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸的含量分别增加34.09%、3.76%和28.44%,产量显著提高21.79%;化肥减施20%处理较常规处理,菊花主茎粗、株花数及百朵鲜花重增加,绿原酸、木犀草苷和3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸的含量增高,其产量较常规施肥处理、化肥减施40%处理和CK分别提高36.61%、25.46%和174.18%;基追比4-4-2的菊花长势较好,绿原酸、木犀草苷和3,5-O-二咖啡酰基奎宁酸的含量较高,产量较其他处理依次提高12.76%、3.33%和10.81%。综上可知,生物有机肥3000 kg/hm^(2)+配方肥(18-7-20)720 kg/hm^(2),在菊花定植前期、花芽分化期、现蕾期按4-4-2比例施用,可以促进菊花植株对大量元素的吸收利用,改善菊花农艺性状,提高菊花品质及产量。The fertilization of chrysanthemum planting in Anhui province is highly arbitrary and lacks unified standards.By exploring reasonable fertilization methods for chrysanthemums,it could provide data support for high-quality and high-yield chrysanthemums.A fertilizer reduction ratio experiment was set up:3000 kg/hm^(2) of bioorganic fertilizer and 900 kg/hm^(2) of compound fertilizer(18-18-18);Bioorganic fertilizer 3000 kg/hm^(2)+formula fertilizer(18-7-20)900 kg/hm^(2);Bioorganic fertilizer 3000 kg/hm^(2)+formula fertilizer(18-7-20)720 kg/hm^(2);Bioorganic fertilizer 3000 kg/hm^(2)+formula fertilizer(18-7-20)540 kg/hm^(2);CK:Bioorganic fertilizer 3000 kg/hm^(2).And an experiment on base fertilizer and topdressing ratio was conducted:8-2-0,2-6-2,4-4-2,8-0-2.By comparing and analyzing the nutrient accumulation,growth status,and medicinal component content of chrysanthemum plants,the effects of fertilization measures on chrysanthemum growth,quality,and yield were explored.The results showed that the optimized fertilizer ratio(reducing phosphorus and increasing potassium)increased the content of chlorogenic acid,luteolin,and 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid by 34.09%,3.76%and 28.44%,respectively,compared to conventional fertilization treatment,and the yield significantly increased by 21.79%.The treatment of reducing fertilizer application by 20%,compared to conventional treatment,resulted in an increase in the diameter of chrysanthemum main stem,number of flowers per plant,and weight of 100 fresh flowers.The content of chlorogenic acid,luteolin,and 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid increased,and the yield increased by 36.61%,25.46%and 174.18%,respectively,compared to conventional fertilization treatment,40%reduction of fertilizer application treatment,and CK treatment.Chrysanthemums with the treatment of 4-4-2 of base fertilizer and topdressing ratio exhibited better growth,with higher content of chlorogenic acid,luteolin,and 3,5-O-dicaffeoyl quinic acid,and the yield increased by 12.76%,3.33%and 10.81%,respectively,compared to

关 键 词：菊花 化肥减施 大量元素 基追比 

分 类 号：S68[农业科学—观赏园艺]