航天搭载对硅链霉菌的分子生物学特性及对棉花产量、品质的影响  

Molecular biological characteristics of Streptomyces silicium by spaceflight and its effect on cotton yield and quality

作　　者：汪亚洁 WANG Ya-jie(Urumqi Rural Revitalization Guidance Service Center,Urumqi Xinjiang 830000)

机构地区：[1]乌鲁木齐市乡村振兴指导服务中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2024年第12期218-222,共5页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

摘　　要：通过神舟九号飞船搭载硅链霉菌菌株进行诱变,对诱变后菌株的分子生物学特征进行分析研究,通过大田试验验证在化肥减量增施该菌株制备的生物有机肥条件下对棉花增加产量和改善品质的效果。结果表明:(1)搭载诱变菌株1代、2代对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈直径分别为0.76、0.81 cm,对尖镰孢霉的抑菌圈直径分别为0.69、0.72 cm;CK菌株1代、2代对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈直径分别为0.75、0.78 cm,对尖镰孢霉的抑菌圈直径分别为0.65、0.67 cm;搭载诱变菌株和CK菌株对革兰氏阳性菌(枯草芽孢杆菌)和真菌(尖镰孢霉)的抗菌能力传代后均略有提高,但总体上差别不大,显示了搭载诱变菌株具有较好的抗菌遗传稳定性。(2)对菌株中活性成分含量检测发现,搭载诱变菌株和CK菌株中均含有赤霉素(GA_(3))、吲哚乙酸(IAA)。并且CK菌株和搭载诱变菌株含GA_(3)分别为0.090%、0.099%,含IAA分别为0.793%、0.508%,显示了搭载诱变菌株具有刺激作物生长的双效作用。(3)通过减量化肥增施不同生物有机肥,与CK常规施肥相比,对棉花增产的效果有所差异,T1、T2、T3、T4处理较CK分别增产219、748、338、83 kg/hm^(2),其中T2处理(减少化肥90 kg/hm^(2)增施750 kg/hm^(2)的太空生物有机肥)增产最显著,增产率达24.15%;衣分达36.01%;而各处理对棉花品质指标上看,T2处理也优于其他处理,纤维长度为35.38 mm,强力为35.60 GPT,整齐度为90.90%,伸长度为6.53%,对棉花品质表现最好。搭载诱变菌株制备的生物有机肥与化肥减量配施能够改良土壤,可显著提高棉花产量和改善品质。The Streptomyces silicium strain was mutated on the Shenzhou-9 spacecraft,and the molecular biological characteristics of the mutant strain were analyzed and studied.The effect on increasing yield and improving quality of cotton under the condition of reducing chemical fertilizer combined with the application of bio-organic fertilizer prepared by the strain was verified by field experiment.The results showed that:(1)The diameters of the inhibition zones against Bacillus subtilis for the first and second generations of the mutant strains were 0.76 and 0.81cm,respectively,and the diameters of the inhibition zones for Fusarium oxysporum were 0.69 and 0.72 cm,respectively;The diameters of the inhibition zone of the 1st and 2nd generations of CK strains against Bacillus subtilis were 0.75 and 0.78 cm,respectively,and the diameters of the inhibition zones against Fusarium oxysporum were 0.65 and 0.67 cm,respectively.The antibacterial abilities of Gram-positive bacteria(Bacillus subtilis)and fungi(Fusarium oxysporum)were slightly improved after passage,but the overall difference was not significant,indicating that the mutant strains had better antibacterial genetic stability.(2)The content of active ingredients in the strains was detected,and it was found that both gibberellin A_(3)(GA_(3))and indoleacetic acid(IAA)were contained in the mutant strains and CK strains,and the contents of GA_(3)in CK strain and mutant strain were 0.090%and 0.099%,respectively,and the contents of IAA were 0.793%and 0.508%,respectively,which showed that the mutant strain had a dual effect of stimulating crop growth.(3)By reducing the amount of fertilizer and increasing the application of different bio-organic fertilizers,compared with the conventional fertilization of the control treatment,the effect of increasing cotton yield was different.The T1,T2,T3 and T4 treatments increased the yield by 219,748,338 and 83 kg/hm^(2),respectively,compared with the control treatment,among which T2 treatment(reduced chemical fertilizer by 90 kg/hm^(2)and

关 键 词：太空搭载 硅链霉菌 分子生物学特征 棉花 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]