基于世界遗产桥梁真实性原则的闽浙木拱廊桥保护措施研究  

Conservation Measures of Min-Zhe Wooden Arch Bridges Based on Authenticity Principle of World Heritage Bridges

作　　者：陈舒洁 Antonio Candeias 陈宝春[3] 逄博如 CHEN Shujie;Antonio Candeias;CHEN Baochun;PANG Boru(College of Architecture and Planning,Fujian University of Technology,Fuzhou 350108,China;China-Portugal Joint Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Supported by Belt and Road Initiative,Suzhou 215000,China;College of Civil Engineering,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,China;Conservation Center of Cultural Heritage of Wuyishan Municipal,Wuyishan 354399,China)

机构地区：[1]福建理工大学建筑与城乡规划学院,福建福州350108 [2]中国葡萄牙文化遗产保护科学“一带一路”联合实验室,江苏苏州215000 [3]福州大学土木工程学院,福建福州350108 [4]武夷山市文物与文化遗产保护中心,福建武夷山354399

出　　处：《世界桥梁》2025年第1期108-115,共8页World Bridges

基　　金：福建省社会科学基金博士扶持项目(FJ2023BF095);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFE0200100)。

摘　　要：闽浙木拱廊桥是目前唯一列入我国“世界文化遗产预备名录”的历史桥梁群。针对频发的火毁事故带来的巨大损害及防火与火灾后重建等问题,对遗产桥梁的真实性原则进行深入分析,并结合世界遗产桥梁西班牙比斯开桥、波黑莫斯塔尔桥和著名历史桥梁日本锦带桥、瑞士教堂桥的保护与重建实例,对闽浙木拱廊桥防火和重建等与真实性高度相关的问题进行分析,提出关键保护措施。结果表明:遗产桥梁保护的真实性原则应着重于其核心价值和功能性。闽浙木拱廊桥涂覆透明的防火涂料、在桥墩上砌筑防火分区隔离墙等有效的防火措施,属于非核心部分的改变,对遗产的真实性不造成实质损害,应深入开展技术研究并逐步推广应用;重建、重修是闽浙木拱廊桥保护不可或缺的手段,必要且合适的重建有利于其遗产价值的保护,应在继续传承好“原工艺”的基础上,不断完善重建中的“原设计”和“原材料”,并挖掘和赋予新的遗产意义和价值。闽浙木拱廊桥保护的重点应在其特殊结构、建造工艺、多重功能等核心价值,灵活应用传统技艺和现代技术,保护桥梁核心价值要素的真实性,并尽可能延长使用寿命。In China,the Min-Zhe wooden arch bridge is one of the most potential bridge heritages to be independently inscribed as a World Heritage Site.However,frequent conflagration caused great damage to such a cultural heritage.This paper starts from a comprehensive understanding of the authenticity of heritage bridges,analyses the conservation and reconstruction methods of the Vizcaya Bridge and Mostar Bridge as World Heritage Bridges,introduces the relevant methods of Kintaikyo and Kapellbrucke as historic timber structural bridges,discusses important issues in the conservation work of the Min-Zhe wooden arch bridge,such as fire prevention and reconstruction.The results show that the core value of the Min-Zhe wooden arch bridge as a cultural heritage should be its unique design and various traditional functions.Changes in colour and non-core parts have little adverse impact on its"authenticity".Effective fire prevention measures such as building fire partition walls will not cause damage to the authenticity of the cultural heritage and should be studied and promoted in practice;the necessary reconstruction of heritage bridges will be conducive to their conservation when done and interpreted properly.Reconstruction is a necessary way to protect the Min-Zhe wooden arch bridge.An indispensable means of protecting the Min-Zhe wooden arch bridge is to continue to safeguard its"authentic craftsmanship",constantly improve the"authentic design"and"authentic materials"in the reconstruction,and endow new heritage meaning and value to the rebuilt bridges.

关 键 词：闽浙木拱廊桥 世界遗产 桥梁遗产 真实性 防火 重建 保护措施 

分 类 号：U448.31[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程] U448.22[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] U447