大跨度铁路钢桥腐蚀维护技术研究进展  

Advances in Corrosion Removal Techniques for Long-Span Steel Railway Bridge

作　　者：娄松 吴芳 魏魁 LOU Song;WU Fang;WEI Kui(Wuhan Bridge Special Technology Co.,Ltd.,China Railway Major Bridge Engineering Group,Wuhan 430205,China;State Key Laboratory of Bridge Intelligent and Green Construction,Wuhan 430034,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁大桥局武汉桥梁特种技术有限公司,湖北武汉430205 [2]桥梁智能与绿色建造全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430034

出　　处：《世界桥梁》2025年第1期116-124,共9页World Bridges

基　　金：中铁大桥局集团有限公司科学技术研究与开发项目(2023-26-重点)。

摘　　要：我国现有铁路钢桥腐蚀维护技术主要包括维护性施工平台、除锈和涂层体系。施工平台多采用检查小车和简易脚手平台,局部配合“蜘蛛人”高空作业方式,或借助桥梁大修改造搭设防护棚架;钢桥杆件除锈主要采用喷砂技术;涂层体系多以环氧富锌底漆作为防锈底漆。现有维护性涂装施工平台技术和喷砂除锈技术应用于高铁钢桥天窗点施工存在诸多问题及难点;且传统涂料难以适用于海洋环境下的高铁钢桥涂装。针对现有技术和施工难点,提出临时性装配式操作平台、永久性铝合金检修通道和多功能机械臂3种轻型操作平台,以解决铁路安全防护和施工作业平台双重需求;对绿色环保除锈方式--激光除锈技术进行了探索;通过涂装试验选用防腐性能优异、表干时间短的重防腐涂料和涂层体系,以解决传统涂料在海洋环境下耐久性及天窗点作业时间不足的问题。To create a maintenance platform,remove rusts and place a new coating system are conventional procedures to remedy corrosion damages in existing steel railway bridges.Inspection trolleys and staging that are easy to be installed and demolished are utilized as operation platforms,"spider men",if available,are employed to assist the work at heights,and the shoring for bridge renovation can also be relied on for corrosion removal.Rusts on the steelwork are mainly removed by sandblasting.The common coating system contains an epoxy zinc-rich primer as the rust resistant primer.However,the conventional rust removal procedures are not efficient for the high-speed railway bridges which are given limited window time for refurbishment,and the conventional coatings do not reach the corrosion-resistant requirements of offshore high-speed railway bridges.To ensure the safety of both the in-service railway and construction operation,lightweight maintenance platforms are introduced,including the temporary modular operation platform,permanent aluminum alloy inspection path and robotic arms.The application of laser rust removal technology—a green and environment-friendly rust removal technology,is explored.Heavy corrosion prevention coatings and coating systems featuring sound corrosion prevention effect and short drying time are recommended,which are feasible for the offshore railway bridges which are critical for durability and have short window time for refurbishment.

关 键 词：铁路桥 高速铁路桥 跨海铁路桥 钢结构防腐 维护性涂装 施工平台 除锈 涂层体系 

分 类 号：U448.13[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程] U448.36[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] U445.73