不同生态区烟草可培养内生细菌多样性及黑胫病拮抗菌筛选  

Diversity of Culturable Endophytic Bacteria in Tobacco from Different Ecological Regions and Screening of Biocontrol Bacteria against Tobacco Black Shank Disease

作　　者：张涵 吴文信 陈夏晔 肖艳松 郑艳芬 赵栋霖 张鹏[2] 张成省 李伟[1] 高贵 ZHANG Han;WU Wenxin;CHEN Xiaye;XIAO Yansong;ZHENG Yanfen;ZHAO Donglin;ZHANG Peng;ZHANG Chengsheng;LI Wei;GAO Gui(College of Life Science,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434000,Hubei,China;Institute of Tobacco Research of CAAS,Qingdao 266101,China;Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province,Chenzhou 423000,Hunan,China;Southwest Guizhou Prefecture Branch of Guizhou Tobacco Company,Xingyi 562400,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学生命科学学院,湖北荆州434000 [2]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,青岛266101 [3]湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司,湖南郴州423000 [4]贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司,贵州兴义562400

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2024年第6期73-80,共8页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重大科技项目[110202201005(JY-05)];贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司科技项目(2022-07)。

摘　　要：为探寻烟草可培养核心微生物类群,并获得高活性的新型抗病功能菌株,从而为烟草病害防控提供更多微生物资源,本研究以4个不同生态区(湖南南陵丘陵、福建武夷丘陵、贵州黔桂山地和山东沂蒙丘陵生态区)中健康的烟草为研究对象,采集烟草根、茎和叶3个部位样品,采用传统培养方法对烟草内生细菌进行分离培养,通过16S rRNA基因测序进行物种鉴定,分析烟草可培养核心微生物类群。同时,对所有菌株的烟草黑胫病拮抗能力进行测定,并选择一株高拮抗能力的菌株进行盆栽试验,验证其防治效果。结果表明:从4个生态区共分离鉴定856株细菌,分属于5个门8个纲56个属,在门水平上以厚壁菌门和变形菌门为主,在属水平上以芽孢杆菌属和假单胞菌属为主;烟草可培养细菌群落在不同生态区有所不同,但其主要核心细菌类群均为芽孢杆菌属、假单胞菌属和普里斯特氏菌属。共获得190株黑胫病拮抗菌株,分属于4个门6个纲14个属,主要以芽孢杆菌属和假单胞菌属为主;从中发现一株新型生防菌株柑橘假单胞菌GT03,其发酵液粗提物(1 mg/mL)对黑胫病菌抑制率高达100%,盆栽试验表明该菌株对黑胫病的防效高达79.87%,展现出极大的开发利用潜力。In order to explore the culturable core microbial communities in tobacco and obtain new strains with high antagonistic activity,so as to provide more microbial resources for the prevention and control of tobacco diseases,healthy tobacco plants from four ecological regions(Nanling hilly,Wuyi hilly,Qiangui Mountain and Yimeng hilly ecological region)were taken as research objects.After collecting samples from tobacco roots,stems and leaves,the tobacco culturable bacteria were isolated and cultured by traditional culture method,and species identification was carried out through 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the core microbial communities.Meanwhile,the antagonistic ability of the strain against the tobacco black shank disease pathogen Phytophthora nicotianae was determined and a strain with high antibacterial activity was selected to verify its control effect by pot trials.The results showed that 856 strains of bacteria were obtained from four ecological regions,belonging to 5 phyla,8 classes and 56 genera.Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were dominant at the phylum level,and Bacillus and Pseudomonas were the main genera at the genus level.The tobacco culturable bacterial communities were different in different ecological regions,but the main core bacteria communities were Bacillus,Pseudomonas and Priestia.Besides,there were 190 strains with antagonistic ability of black shank disease selected from 856 culturable strains of bacteria.They belong to 4 phyla,6 classes and 14 genera,mainly dominated by Bacillus and Pseudomonas.Among them,we discovered a novel strain of Pseudomonas citri GT03.The crude extracts(1 mg/mL)of its fermentation broth could completely inhibit the growth of the pathogen of black shank disease,Phytophthora nicotianae.Pot experiments showed that the control efficiency of strain GT03 on black shank disease reached 79.87%,demonstrating great potential for development and utilization.

关 键 词：烟草 可培养细菌 烟草黑胫病 生防菌 多样性 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]