云南雪茄烟叶晾制过程高风险霉变环节判别及主要霉菌鉴定  

Determination of High-risk Stages of Moldy during the Curing Process of Yunnan Cigar Leaves and the Identification of Major Molds

作　　者：张鸽 郜晓妍 李青常[1] 贺晓辉 李栋[1] 苏玉龙 杨万龙 丁伟[2] 胡清源[1] 叶长文[1] 黄阔 ZHANG Ge;GAO Xiaoyan;LI Qingchang;HE Xiaohui;LI Dong;SU Yulong;YANG Wanlong;DING Wei;HU Qingyuan;YE Changwen;HUANG Kuo(Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of China National Tobacco Corporation,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Yunnan Aromatic Tobacco Co.,Ltd.,Baoshan 678000,Yunnan,China;Yuxi Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province,Yuxi 653100,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院,郑州450001 [2]西南大学,重庆400715 [3]云南香料烟有限责任公司,云南保山678000 [4]云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2024年第6期108-115,共8页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重大科技项目[11202201034(XJ-05)];中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院青年人才托举工程计划项目(702021CR0090);河南省博士后科研资助项目(702024AS0350)。

摘　　要：为明确雪茄烟叶晾制过程的高风险霉变环节、霉菌种类及其变化情况,为雪茄烟叶晾制过程的霉变防治提供指导,本研究以云南玉溪雪茄烟产区不同晾制阶段的雪茄烟叶为研究对象,通过快速霉菌酵母测试片测定不同晾制阶段[LZ0d(新鲜烟叶)、LZ8d(晾制8 d,变黄期)、LZ19d(晾制19 d,变褐期)、LZ26d(晾制26 d,干筋期)]的霉菌数量,初步判定晾制高风险霉变环节;以平板稀释培养法获得不同晾制阶段的主要霉菌种类及占比情况,以形态学和分子生物学鉴定主要霉菌种类,并对主要霉菌在不同温度和pH条件下的生长特性进行了研究。结果表明:(1)LZ8d、LZ19d和LZ26d阶段霉菌数量多,为晾制阶段高风险霉变环节;(2)云南玉溪雪茄烟叶晾制阶段主要霉菌为Cladosporium tenuissimum(极细枝孢霉)、Letendraea cordylinicola、Penicillium rubens(产红青霉)、Stagonosporopsis crystalliniformis(结晶鹿角孢菌)、Aspergillus ochraceus(赭曲霉)和Aspergillus flavus(黄曲霉)。不同晾制阶段霉菌种类不完全一致,其中极细枝孢霉菌株同时存在于LZ0d、LZ8d和LZ19d样品中,占比分别为70%、50%、30%,呈逐渐下降趋势;产红青霉同时存在于LZ8d、LZ19d和LZ26d样品中,占比分别为15%、40%、45%,呈上升趋势;(3)不同晾制阶段主要霉菌对高温较敏感,尤其是Letendraea cordylinicola、结晶鹿角孢菌和极细枝孢霉,温度提升至34~37℃时可较强抑制霉菌生长;6株霉菌在不同pH条件下生长差异较小。综上,云南玉溪雪茄烟叶晾制变黄期、变褐期及干筋期霉菌数量较多,易发生霉变;不同晾制阶段主要霉菌种类存在演替;适当提升烟叶晾制温度有助于抑制霉菌的生长,降低霉变风险。To clarify the high-risk mold growth stages and mold types during the curing process of cigar leaves,and to provide guidance for the prevention and control of mold growth,this study investigated the cigar leaves at different curing stages in Yuxi,Yunnan.The mold quantity at different curing stages[LZ0d(fresh tobacco leaves),LZ8d(curing 8 d,yellowing stage),LZ19d(curing 19 d,browning stage),LZ26d(curing 26 d,dry-tending stage)]was preliminarily determined to be high-risk mold growth stages through the 3M PetrifilmTM count plate.The main types and proportions of molds at different curing stages were obtained through plate dilution culture,and the main mold types were identified through morphological and molecular biology methods.Key findings are as follows:(1)The counting plates showed that the high mold counts were observed at LZ8d,LZ19d and LZ26d stages,indicating these are the high-risk mold growth stages during curing;(2)The main mold species during the curing stage of cigar tobacco leaves in Yuxi,Yunnan were Cladosporium tenuissimum,Letendraea cordylinicola,Penicillium rubens,Stagonosporopsis crystalliniformis,Aspergillus ochraceus,and Aspergillus flavus.The mold species varied across curing stages.Among them,C.tenuissimum strain was present in LZ0d,LZ8d,and LZ19d samples,with proportions of 70%,50%,and 30%respectively,showing a gradual decrease trend;Penicillium rubens was present in LZ8d,LZ19d,and LZ26d samples,with proportions of 15%,40%,and 45%respectively,showing an increasing trend;(3)The dominant molds were sensitive to high temperatures,particularly L.cordylinicola,S.crystalliniformis,and C.tenuissimum,as mold growth could be inhibited by raising the temperature to 34~37℃.The six mold strains showed minor differences in growth under different pH conditions.In summary,the yellowing(LZ8d),browning(LZ19d)and drying-tending(LZ26d)stages of curing cigar leaves in Yuxi,Yunnan are particularly susceptible to mold growth due to high mold counts.Different curing stages have a succession of main mold species.R

关 键 词：雪茄烟调制 霉变 测试片 高风险环节 鉴定 生物学特性 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]