政党格局、议题竞争与德国社会民主党的现实困境  

Political Party System,Issue Competition and the Realistic Dilemma of the Social Democratic Party of Germany

作　　者：姜昊 Jiang Hao

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院欧洲研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《当代世界社会主义问题》2024年第4期70-83,164,共15页Issues of Contemporary World Socialism

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“西欧中左翼政党失能问题研究”(20BGJ070);国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20241988)。

摘　　要：德国社会民主党虽然在2021年大选后重新成为联邦议会第一大党,但执政后面临民意调查支持率持续下滑、“交通灯”联合政府执政困境、规模萎缩与内部派系矛盾等多重困境。从政党竞争理论来看,政党格局变化和议题竞争转向是造成社民党目前困境的主要原因。德国政党政治在政党格局层面呈现出碎片化特征,在执政联盟层面表现出复杂化趋势,极大压缩了社民党的行动空间。随着德国国内社会结构变迁与选民诉求变化,政党议题竞争的重点转向难民、环境等领域,限制了社民党这一传统议题政党的动员能力。面对目前的困境,社民党亟须在明确自身定位的基础上,加强议题整合能力,以适应多变的政党竞争形势。Although the Social Democratic Party of Germany(SPD)has regained its position as the largest party in the Federal Parliament after the 2021 general election,it faces multiple dilemmas such as the continuous decline of its support rate in the opinion polls,the difficulties of the‘Traffic Light’coalition government,shrinking size and internal factional conflicts.From the perspective of party competition theory,changes in the political party system and the shift in issue competition are the main reasons for the current dilemma of the SPD.German party politics is fragmented at the level of party structure and complicated at the level of the ruling coalition,which greatly compresses the SPD's space for action.With the change of social structure and voters'demands in Germany,the focus of party issue competition has shifted to areas such as refugees and the environment,which limits the mobilization capacity of the SPD as a traditional issue party.In the face of the current dilemma,the SPD urgently needs to strengthen its issue integration capabilities on the basis of a clear positioning of itself in order to adapt to the changing situation of party competition.

关 键 词：德国社会民主党 现实困境 政党格局 议题竞争 

分 类 号：D75[政治法律—政治学]