百年未有之大变局下西方意识形态的分裂及其演化趋势  

The Fragmentation of Western Ideology and Its Evolutionary Trend Under Profound Changes on a Scale Unseen in a Century

作　　者：宋朝龙 Song Chaolong

机构地区：[1]北京大学马克思主义学院,北京100871

出　　处：《当代世界社会主义问题》2024年第4期102-111,165,共11页Issues of Contemporary World Socialism

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学领军人才项目“人类文明视野中的西方现代化研究”(22VRC198)。

摘　　要：金融资本积累从上升期向下降期的转化,是当今西方世界遭遇百年未有之大变局的根源,也是西方意识形态分裂加剧的根源。在金融资本积累的上升期,阶级矛盾相对缓和,新自由主义主导建构了意识形态共识:新自由主义以体现人权、契约、法治、科技理性等所谓“普世价值”自居,极右势力受到遏制,改良主义的民主主义运动借助“第三条道路”向新自由主义靠拢,女权运动、生态运动、少数族裔的民权运动等其他新社会运动,也以左翼自由主义的面貌表现出来。但金融资本的剥夺性积累必然导致其自身进入危机叠加的下降期。在此时期,新自由主义的意识形态共识破裂,右翼民粹主义崛起。右翼民粹主义以种族主义身份政治的话语逻辑重建意识形态共识的努力,不但达不到目的,反而会造成更大的分裂:右翼民粹主义加速了自由主义的分裂,在右翼自由主义向右翼民粹主义靠拢的同时,左翼自由主义不得不向民主主义阵营靠拢;民主主义自身被逼迫离开“第三条道路”而向社会民主主义回归;右翼民粹主义越猖獗,革命民主主义和马克思主义的复兴也越迫切。这就是百年未有之大变局下,西方意识形态的分裂格局和演化趋势。The transition of financial capital accumulation from an ascending phase to a descending one is the root cause of profound changes on a scale unseen in a century in the contemporary Western world, as well as the intensification of ideological fragmentation within it. During the ascending phase of financial capital accumulation, class contradictions were relatively mitigated, and neoliberalism dominated the ideological landscape, claiming to represent “universal values” such as human rights, contracts, the rule of law, and technological rationality. Extreme right-wing forces were contained, social democracy gravitated towards neoliberalism via the “Third Way”, and other new social movements, including feminism, environmentalism, and civil rights movements for minority ethnic groups, expressed themselves through the liberal left. However, the exploitative accumulation of financial capital inevitably led to a period of crisis and decline. During this phase, right-wing populism has emerged. The efforts of right-wing populism to rebuild ideological consensus through racist and irrational discourse logic not only fail to achieve their goal but also exacerbate ideological fragmentation: right-wing populism has driven a wedge within liberalism itself, aligning with right-wing liberalism, while left-wing liberalism has been compelled to align with the democratic camp. Mainstream democracy itself is compelled to depart from the “Third Way” and revert towards democratic socialism. Revolutionary democracy has been strengthened as some of the populace awaken and separate themselves from right-wing populism. In response to the systemic dangers posed by right-wing populism, the return of Marxism in both theory and practice has become an urgent necessity.

关 键 词：百年未有之大变局 西方 意识形态 分裂 演化趋势 

分 类 号：F09[经济管理—政治经济学]