山药在糖尿病及其并发症治疗中的作用机制研究进展  

Research progress on mechanism of Chinese yam(Dioscorea opposita)in the treatment of diabetes and its complications

作　　者：史文锦 刘仁慧[1] SHI Wenjin;LIU Renhui(School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学中医药学院,北京100069

出　　处：《山东医药》2025年第1期144-149,共6页Shandong Medical Journal

基　　金：北京市教育科学“十四五”规划一般课题项目(CDDB23207)。

摘　　要：糖尿病是由胰岛素绝对或相对分泌不足以及利用障碍引发的,以高血糖为标志的慢性疾病。长期有糖尿病的患者,由于高血糖对身体各系统和器官的慢性损害,可能会出现糖尿病肾病、糖尿病周围神经病变、糖尿病性骨质疏松症、糖尿病心肌病、糖尿病性勃起功能障碍等多种糖尿病并发症。中医药在糖尿病及其并发症的预防和治疗中有着独特的优势,可以作为传统口服降糖药治疗的重要补充和替代选择,在缓解糖尿病患者临床症状、减少胰岛素及降糖药用量及控制并发症方面发挥作用。山药作为一种中医传统药材,具有气阴双补的功效,是治疗糖尿病(中医称为消渴病)及其并发症的常用药。现代药理研究发现,山药可通过调节糖脂代谢紊乱、改善胰岛素抵抗、减轻氧化应激、抑制炎症反应、调节免疫、调节肠道微生物等机制发挥对糖尿病及其并发症的治疗作用,其相关活性成分具有被开发为糖尿病及其并发症治疗药物的潜力。Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia because of absolute or relative insulin deficiency and utilization disorders.Patients with long-term diabetes may develop various complications due to chronic damage to various systems and organs from hyperglycemia,such as diabetic nephropathy,diabetic peripheral neuropathy,diabetic osteoporosis,diabetic cardiomyopathy,and diabetic erectile dysfunction.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications,and can serve as an important supplement and alternative to traditional oral hypoglycemic drug therapy.It plays a role in alleviating clinical symptoms of diabetic patients,reducing the dosage of insulin and hypoglycemic drugs,and controlling diabetic complications.Chinese yam(Dioscorea opposita),as a herb in TCM with the effect of nourishing both qi and yin,is commonly used in the treatment of diabetes[known as"XiaoKe(consumptive thirst)"in TCM]and its complications.Modern pharmacological research has found that Chinese yam can exert therapeutic effects on diabetes and its complications through mechanisms such as regulating glucose and lipid metabolism disorders,improving insulin resistance,reducing oxidative stress,inhibiting inflammatory responses,regulating immunity,and modulating gut microbiota.Its active ingredients have the potential to be developed into drugs for the treatment of diabetes and its complications.

关 键 词：山药 糖尿病 消渴病 糖尿病并发症 山药多糖 

分 类 号：R285.5[医药卫生—中药学]