公路路域亚洲象生态廊道构建方法  

A method for establishing ecological corridors for roadside Asian elephants

作　　者：韩用顺[1,2] 杨鑫 王云 孔亚平[3] 李岳烽[2] 杨艳刚 陈济丁[3] 方军[1] 马开森[1] HAN Yongshun;YANG Xin;WANG Yun;KONG Yaping;LI Yuefeng;YANG Yanggang;CHEN Jiding;FANG Jun;MA Kaisen(State Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology,School of Earth Science and Spatial Information Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 411201,China;School of Public Safety and Emergency Management,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;China Academy of Transportation Sciences,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学地球科学与空间信息工程学院地理空间信息技术国家地方联合工程实验室,湘潭411201 [2]昆明理工大学公共安全与应急管理学院,昆明650093 [3]交通运输部科学研究院,北京100029

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第2期615-628,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFB2600104);世界自然基金会项目(A000500,A000658);云南省高校重点实验室开放基金(2022-ZD-02)。

摘　　要：交通建设对亚洲象(Elephas maximus)活动及其栖息地完整性造成了负面影响,传统生态廊道构建容易忽视交通建设对物种迁移的阻碍作用,构建路域亚洲象生态迁移廊道既是协调交通建设与野生动物保护的重要技术手段,也是道路生态学研究领域薄弱环节和热点之一。以思茅-小勐养高速公路和思茅-澜沧高速公路为例,结合亚洲象活动习性与道路干扰,基于亚洲象栖息地适宜性评价和生态系统服务功能重要性评价进行生态源地识别,并从土地利用、地形、水源、人类活动和道路干扰等方面构建综合阻力面。在此基础上应用最小累积阻力模型(MCR)和重力模型识别生态廊道并分级,并将生态廊道与道路的交点作为迁移阻碍点,将生态廊道与生态廊道、部分生态源点的交点作为关键节点,进而构建亚洲象迁移廊道。结果表明:1)生态源地面积为1349.30 km^(2),占研究区总面积的37.59%,路域生境质量较好,除了国家级自然保护区和森林公园外,生态源地主要分布在思澜高速公路段,且随着距公路距离的增加,生态源地面积及其占比也相应增大,而一级生态用地、二级生态用地、非生态用地等三类生态用地类型的占比则都在减小;2)当距公路距离大于5 km时,生态源地面积达到了823.94 km^(2),占总面积的45.33%,说明云南热带雨林区公路的建设和运营会对路域生态源地造成一定程度的负面影响,导致周边环境不适合野生动物生存或者活动;3)路域生态综合阻力值分布具有明显的空间差异性和公路聚集性,如东北部人类活动密集区的生态综合阻力值明显高于其他地区,而公路沿线的生态综合阻力值明显高于远离公路区域;4)识别出34条生态廊道,总长度为674.02 km,其中,关键生态廊道14条、一般生态廊道20条;5)提取出17个亚洲象迁移阻碍点和8个关键节点。研究建议在亚洲象迁移阻碍点建设野生动物通Transportation infrastructure construction adversely affects Asian elephants(Elephas maximus)and disrupts their habitats.Conventional ecological corridor planning frequently neglects the barriers posed by this infrastructure on wildlife movement.Establishing ecological movement corridors alongside transportation routes is crucial for balancing transport development with wildlife conservation,a core focus in road ecology research in China.This study focuses on Asian elephants and examines the Simao-Xiaomengyang and Simao-Lancang expressways that intersect tropical forests in Yunnan Province to identify ecological source sites.It analyzes elephant behavior,traffic disruptions,ecosystem service value,and habitat suitability.Additionally,it creates integrated ecological resistance layers along the roads,considering factors such as land use,landform,water,human disturbance,and road traffic.Utilizing minimum cumulative resistance and gravity models,the study designs ecological corridors for Asian elephants,pinpointing movement obstacles where these corridors intersect with roads and identifying key ecological nodes connecting to ecological sources.The findings indicate that ecological sources cover 37.59%of the study area,primarily along the Silan expressway and the national nature reserve and forest park.Generally,habitat quality improves with distance from the highway,while other ecological land types decrease in area and proportion as distance increases.Beyond 5 km from the highway,the ecological source area reaches 823.94 km^(2),accounting for 45.33%of the total area.This suggests that the highway′s construction and operation negatively impact the tropical rainforest ecosystem in Yunnan,making the surrounding environment less suitable for Asian elephants.Spatial variability and road density influence ecological resistance;areas with intense human activity exhibit higher resistance,and proximity to roads also increases resistance compared to areas farther away.The study identifies 34 ecological corridors,including

关 键 词：栖息地适宜性 路域生态源地识别 综合生态阻力面 生态廊道 道路生态学 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]