帕米尔盘羊食性与肠道微生物季节变化特征  

The seasonal variation characteristics of diet and gut microbiota in Marco Polo sheep(Ovis ammon polii)

作　　者：张丽娇 迪拉拉·托留 徐文轩[1,2,3] 吴永杰 汪沐阳[1,2,3] 杨维康 ZHANG Lijiao;TUOLIU Dilala;XU Wenxuan;WU Yongjie;WANG Muyang;YANG Weikang(State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology,Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ürümqi 830011,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Application in Arid Lands,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ürümqi 830011,China;Sino-Taikistan Joint Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources,Ürümqi 830011,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Ecoenvironment(Ministry of Education),College of Life Sciences,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆干旱区生物多样性保育与应用重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830011 [3]中国-塔吉克斯坦生物资源保育与利用联合实验室,乌鲁木齐830011 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [5]四川大学生命科学学院生物资源与生态环境教育部重点实验室,成都610065

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第2期629-643,共15页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0501);中国科学院西部青年学者项目(2021-XBQNXZ-014);第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2022xjkk0205)。

摘　　要：肠道微生物对宿主代谢和环境适应有重要影响,其种类组成主要受宿主食物组成与进化遗传的影响。开展野生动物肠道微生物和食性研究有助于揭示肠道微生物如何提高宿主对环境胁迫的适应能力,可为濒危动物保护提供指导。采集暖季与冷季各12份帕米尔盘羊(Ovis ammon polii)的新鲜粪样,利用DNA宏条形码技术和16S rRNA测序技术,分析帕米尔盘羊冷暖季的食物与肠道微生物组成及其季节性差异。结果表明帕米尔盘羊共采食36科57属植物,其冷暖季食物组成具有显著差异,但主要食物均为蔷薇科(Rosaceae)与苋科(Amaranthaceae)植物。帕米尔盘羊冷季营养生态位宽度为3.18,暖季为2.94。该种肠道微生物α多样性与β多样性均呈现显著的季节差异,多种食物与肠道微生物丰度呈现显著相关性。帕米尔盘羊肠道微生物随着其食物组成的季节性变化而变化。肠道微生物功能预测显示,宿主在食物缺乏的冷季酯类化合物的生物合成、蛋白质消化与吸收代谢相关的功能基因的相对丰度显著增加,这有助于宿主更有效地利用氮和能量沉积,提高了盘羊在严酷冬季的适应能力。研究结果有助于深入理解高原生态系统野生动物与其肠道微生物与之间的相互作用关系,为濒危物种保护管理提供科学依据。The gut microbiota is a critical component in the modulation of host metabolism and the adaptation to environmental conditions.Its composition is significantly influenced by dietary intake and evolutionary genetics,making it a key factor in the survival and health of various species.This study delves into the gut microbiota and dietary habits of the Marco Polo sheep(Ovis ammon polii),across different seasons.The aim is to elucidate how the microbiota enhances the host′s resilience to environmental stressors,thereby informing conservation strategies for endangered species.To achieve this,we collected 12 fresh fecal samples from the Marco Polo sheep during both the warm and cold seasons.Employing DNA metabarcoding and 16S rRNA sequencing,we comprehensively analyzed their dietary and gut microbial profiles.This approach allowed us to reveal the seasonal dynamics and understand how these dynamics affect the sheep′s ability to adapt to varying environmental conditions.Our analysis reveals that the Marco Polo sheep have a wide dietary spectrum,consuming plants from 36 families and 57 genera.A notable difference in dietary composition was observed between the warm and cold seasons,with plants from the Rosaceae and Amaranthaceae families consistently predominating in their diet across both seasons.This consistency suggests a preference or necessity driven by nutritional needs or availability.The calculated nutritional niche width was 3.18 for the cold season and 2.94 for the warm season,indicating a broader nutritional niche in the colder period.This broader niche may reflect the sheep′s adaptive foraging strategies in response to the scarcity of food resources during winter.Such strategies are essential for their survival,as they must maximize the utilization of available resources to maintain their health and energy levels.Significant seasonal variations were observed in both theαandβdiversity of the gut microbiota,with strong correlations between dietary abundance and gut microbial composition.The gut microbio

关 键 词：帕米尔盘羊 DNA宏条形码技术 16S rRNA 食性 肠道微生物 新疆塔什库尔干野生动物自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学] Q938