祁连山东部地区不同林分密度白桦天然林土壤理化性质特征  

Characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties of natural Betula platyphylla forests with different stand densities in the eastern Qilian Mountains

作　　者：彭小静 黄海山 严芝银 邹星晨 贺康宁 程唱[1,2,3] 王作枭 李睿 刘婧雯 石正阳[1,2,3] 刘仟仟 PENG Xiaojing;HUANG Haishan;YAN Zhiyin;ZOU Xingchen;HE Kangning;CHENG Chang;WANG Zuoxiao;LI Rui;LIU Jingwen;SHI Zhengyang;LIU Qianqian(Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation State Forestry Administration,Soil and Water Conservation College,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing 100083,China;Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Baoku Forest Farm,Datong Hui Tu Autonomous County,Xining 810100,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院水土保持国家林业局重点实验室,北京100083 [2]北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心,北京100083 [3]林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心,北京100083 [4]大通回族土族自治县宝库林场,西宁810100

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第2期743-756,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：青海省应用基础研究项目(2020-ZJ-713)。

摘　　要：研究不同林分密度对白桦天然林土壤理化性质的影响,分析不同林分密度下白桦天然林土壤理化性质的变化规律,为白桦天然林的保护提供合理的密度参考。以青海省西宁市大通县宝库林区白桦天然次生林为研究对象,通过采集土壤样品,调查并测定了100—400、400—700、700—1000、1000—1500、1500—2100、2100—2500株/hm^(2)6种密度下林地的土壤容重、质量含水量、田间持水量、孔隙度、饱和导水率(K_(st))、pH值、有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、碱解氮(AN)、速效磷(AP)、速效钾(AK)含量和包括C∶N、C∶P、N∶P在内的共17个土壤属性指标,采用SPSS 22.0对数据进行显著性检验和相关性分析。结果表明:(1)在垂直分布特征上:土壤孔隙度,K_(st)和SOC、TN、TP、AN、AK的含量,以及C∶P、N∶P的比值均随土层深度增加而降低;而土壤容重和pH值则随土层深度增加而增大。(2)在密度分布特征上:土壤SOC、TN、AN含量,C∶P、N∶P的比值随密度增加呈缓慢降低的变化趋势,TP含量随密度增加无显著变化规律,以上这些指标均在密度为100—400株/hm^(2)时达到最大。土壤质量含水量、田间持水量、K_(st)和孔隙度均随密度增大呈先增后减的变化趋势,且都在密度为400—700株/hm^(2)时达到最大,土壤容重在该密度时达到最小。(3)在土壤化学计量特征上:研究区土壤C∶P、N∶P的平均值为97.32、7.36,高于中国土壤平均值,表明土壤P有效性较低。综上所述,研究区白桦林在低密度(100—700株/hm^(2))时,土壤理化性质的改良作用相对较好,会更有利于土壤物理结构的稳定和养分积累。In order to study the effects of different plantation densities on the soil physicochemical properties of Betula platyphylla natural forests,this study analysed the patterns of changes in soil physicochemical properties under varying stand densities,and provided reasonable density references for the protection of Betula platyphylla natural forests.The Betula platyphylla natural secondary forests in Baoku Forest Area,Datong County,Xining City,Qinghai Province were used as the research object,soil surface and deep layer samples were collected to investigate and determine the soil bulk density,soil water content,field capacity,total porosity,capillary porosity,non-capillary porosity,saturated hydraulic conductivity(K_(st)),soil pH value,soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK)content,and a total of 17 soil property indicators including C∶N,C∶P,N∶P.Soil attributes were investigated for six different stand densities of 100—400、400—700、700—1000、1000—1500、1500—2100、2100—2500 plant·hm^(-2).The data were tested for significance and correlation analyzed using SPSS22.0.The Least Significant Difference(LSD)method and Duncan′s Analysis(Duncan)in One-way ANOVA were applied to test the differences in soil physical and chemical properties across different densities and soil layers.The results showed that:(1)In terms of vertical distribution characteristics,soil porosity,K_(st),the contents of soil SOC,TN,TP,AN,AK and the ratios of C∶P and N∶P showed a decreasing trend with the increase of soil depth.Conversely,soil bulk density and soil pH value increased with the increase of soil depth.(2)In terms of density distribution characteristics,the contents of soil SOC,TN and AN,as well as the ratios of C∶P and N∶P,showed a slow decreasing trend as density increased,and TP content shows no significant change with increasing density,all of the these indicators reached its maximum values when the

关 键 词：白桦天然林 林分密度 土壤理化性质 土壤生态化学计量 

分 类 号：S714.2[农业科学—林学]