关帝山杨桦混交林土壤动物功能群海拔梯度分布格局及其环境驱动因素  

Elevation gradient distribution pattern and environmental driving factors of soil fauna functional groups in poplar-birch mixed forest in Guandi Mountain

作　　者：董江海 李蓉姣 郑文芳 刘入源 赵立娟 高瑞贺 DONG Jianghai;LI Rongjiao;ZHENG Wenfang;LIU Ruyuan;ZHAO Lijuan;GAO Ruihe(College of Forestry Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030800,China;Shanxi Provincial Forestry Hazardous Pest Inspection and Identification Center,Jinzhong 030800,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学林学院,晋中030800 [2]山西省林业危险性有害生物检验鉴定中心,晋中030800

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第2期769-787,共19页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32401594);山西省应用基础研究计划青年科技研究基金(20210302124062);山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2023-087);山西农业大学科技创新基金(2017YJ20)。

摘　　要：为探究关帝山不同海拔梯度下杨桦混交林土壤动物功能群的分布格局及环境驱动因素,以山西省关帝山林区典型森林生态系统“山杨-桦树”混交林为调查对象,设置4个海拔梯度(1600 m、1800 m、2000 m、2200 m),于2022—2023年的5月、7月、10月对杨桦林中土壤动物进行采样调查,采用多因素方差分析对不同海拔、月份、土层及其交互作用进行检验,采用单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)和最小差异显著法(LSD)分析不同海拔、采样季节、土壤各土层间的土壤动物功能群的动态响应;运用Mantel检验、冗余分析以明确环境因素对土壤动物功能群时空分布格局的影响。研究结果表明:关帝山不同海拔共获得土壤动物24434只,隶属于3门11纲34目(亚目)127个类群,其中菌食性3类、杂食性13类、植食性23类、捕食性30类、腐食性54类,数量占比分别为19.66%、4.33%、8.95%、10.08%、56.98%;随海拔上升,土壤动物功能群类群和个体数下降,菌食性类群数最少,腐食性类群数和数量最多,在时间动态上,土壤动物功能群总类群数随月份变化先上升后下降,变化趋势为7月>5月>10月,总个体数随时间逐渐下降,变化趋势为5月>7月>10月;在垂直分布上,总类群数和个体数随土层加深逐渐变少,变化趋势为同一海拔凋落物层>0—10 cm层>10—20 cm层>20—30 cm层。此外,腐食性土壤动物类群数、个体数均高于其它功能群。土壤温度、湿度、土壤酸碱度、电导率、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾是决定关帝山土壤动物功能群群落时空分布格局的主要环境因子。研究结果可为关帝山林区土壤动物的多样性监测与保护提供科学参考。In order to explore the distribution pattern and environmental driving factors of soil fauna functional groups in poplar-birch mixed forest under different altitude gradients in Guandi Mountain,this study took the poplar-birch mixed forest,a typical forest ecosystem in Guandi Mountain Forest Area,Shanxi Province,as the survey object,set up four altitude gradients(1600 m,1800 m,2000 m,2200 m),and sampled soil animals in poplar-birch forest in May,July and October from 2022 to 2023.The one-way ANOVA and LSD method were used to analyze the dynamic responses of soil fauna functional groups at different altitudes,sampling seasons and soil layers.Mantel test and redundancy analysis were used to clarify the influence of environmental factors on the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of soil fauna functional groups.The results showed that a total of 24444 soil animals were obtained at different altitudes in Guandi Mountain,belonging to 127 groups of 3 phyla,11 classes,34 orders(suborders),including 3 mygivorous groups,13 omnivorous species,23 herbivorous species,30 predatory groups,and 54 saprophagous groups,accounting for 19.66%,4.33%,8.95%,10.08%,and 56.98%respectively.In terms of temporal dynamics,the total number of soil animal functional groups increased first and then decreased with the change of months,with a trend of July>May>October,and a gradual decrease of the total number of individuals with time,with a trend of May>July>October.In terms of vertical distribution,the total number of taxa and the number of individuals gradually decreased with the deepening of the soil layer,and the change trend was O layer>A layer>B layer>C layer.In addition,the number of saprophagous soil fauna groups and the number of individuals were higher than those of other functional groups.Soil temperature,humidity,soil pH,electrical conductivity,available nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were the main environmental factors that determined the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of soil fauna functional

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分 类 号：S714.3[农业科学—林学]