北京典型绿化乔木对PM_(2.5)无机成分NH_(4)^(+)和NO_(3)^(-)的吸收和分配机制  

Study on the uptake and distribution mechanisms of inorganic components NH_(4)^(+)and NO_(3)^(-)from PM_(2.5)by typical urban greening trees in Beijing

作　　者：房佳兴 李少宁[1,2,3] 柴硕 赵娜 徐晓天 李斌 张俊杰 王梦雪 张琴 刘辰 吕金昊 鲁绍伟[1,2,3] FANG Jiaxing;LI Shaoning;CHAI Shuo;ZHAO Na;XU Xiaotian;LI Bin;ZHANG Junjie;WANG Mengxue;ZHANG Qin;LIU Chen;LÜJinhao;LU Shaowei(Institute of Forestry and Pomology,Beijing of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;Beijing Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Research Station,National Forest and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100093,China;Forestry College of Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Liaoning Institute of Sandy Land Control and Utilization,Fuxin 123008,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所,北京100093 [2]国家林业和草原局北京燕山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,北京100093 [3]沈阳农业大学林学院,沈阳110866 [4]辽宁省沙地治理与利用研究所,阜新123008

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第2期837-853,共17页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金面上项目(8212044);北京市自然科学基金面上项目(8212031);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设项目(KJCX20240701);国家林业和草原局林业科技创新平台项目(2023132047)。

摘　　要：植物能有效吸收大气中PM_(2.5)改善空气质量,探明其吸收和分配PM_(2.5)机理对提高植物生态功能和改善生态环境意义重大。利用一次性熏气法结合^(15)N示踪法探究北京典型绿化乔木油松(Pinus tabuliformis)、白皮松(Pinus bungeana)、旱柳(Salix matsudana)、银杏(Ginkgo biloba)、国槐(Styphnolobium japonicum)和栾树(Koelreuteria paniculata)对PM_(2.5)水溶性无机成分NH_(4)^(+)和NO_(3)^(-)吸收与分配特征。结果表明:(1)植物能有效吸收PM_(2.5)中NH_(4)^(+)(0.03—0.80μg/g)和NO_(3)^(-)(0.02—1.10μg/g)。对NH_(4)^(+)吸收能力表现为旱柳和油松最强,其次是银杏和栾树,白皮松和国槐最弱;对NO_(3)^(-)吸收能力表现为旱柳和油松最强,其次是白皮松和国槐,栾树和银杏最弱。(2)植物地上器官^(15)N吸收能力和分配率大于地下器官。叶片对两种离子的吸收能力(NH_(4)^(+):0.08—1.63μg/g,NO_(3)^(-):0.01—1.18μg/g)和分配率(NH_(4)^(+):18.95%—76.10%,NO_(3)^(-):6.86%—91.64%)最高。(3)不同浓度、树种及二者交互作用显著影响各器官^(15)N吸收能力和分配率(P<0.01),其中地上器官吸收能力随浓度升高而增加。(4)具有较小根冠比、粗根生物量比和较大枝生物量比特征的植物更利于吸收NH_(4)^(+);具有较小根冠比、粗细根生物量比和较大干生物量比特征的植物更利于吸收NO_(3)^(-)。研究结果进一步揭示植物吸收PM_(2.5)机制及其与自身因素(植物性状)和自然因素(PM_(2.5)浓度)的关系,对不同污染程度地区如何有效利用植物净化PM_(2.5)污染提供科学依据。Plants play a pivotal role in mitigating PM_(2.5)pollution by efficiently absorbing particulate matter from the atmosphere,thereby contributing to the improvement of air quality.Understanding the mechanisms underlying PM_(2.5)uptake and its subsequent distribution within plant tissues is crucial for enhancing the ecological functions of vegetation and fostering a healthier environment.This study employed a one-time fumigation approach,coupled with a^(15)N tracer method,to investigate the mechanisms of PM_(2.5)uptake and distribution in several representative tree species across Beijing.The selected species included Manchurian red pine(Pinus tabuliformis),Bunge′s pine(Pinus bungeana),Corkscrew willow(Salix matsudana),Ginkgo(Ginkgo biloba),Japanese pagoda tree(Styphnolobium japonicum),and Goldenrain tree(Koelreuteria paniculata).Our focus was on the uptake and distribution characteristics of the water-soluble inorganic constituents ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))and nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)).The findings revealed several key insights:(1)The examined plants exhibited effective uptake of NH_(4)^(+)(ranging from 0.03 to 0.80μg/g)and NO_(3)^(-)(ranging from 0.02 to 1.10μg/g)from PM_(2.5).Among the species,the Corkscrew willow and Manchurian red pine demonstrated the highest ammonium uptake ability,followed by Ginkgo and Goldenrain tree,while Bunge′s pine and Japanese pagoda tree showed the lowest uptake ability.In terms of nitrate,Corkscrew willow and Manchurian red pine again led in uptake ability,with Bunge′s pine and Japanese pagoda tree following,and Goldenrain tree and Ginkgo exhibiting the least uptake ability.(2)The ability for^(15)N uptake and the allocation of nitrogen within above-ground plant organs surpassed that of their underground counterparts.Notably,leaves possessed the highest uptake ability(NH_(4)^(+):0.08—1.63μg/g,NO_(3)^(-):0.01—1.18μg/g)and partitioning rate(NH_(4)^(+):18.95%—76.10%,NO_(3)^(-):6.86%—91.64%)for both ions.(3)Statistical analysis indicated that varying concentrations of PM_(2.5),tre

关 键 词：典型绿化乔木 一次性熏气法 ^(15)N示踪 PM_(2.5)无机成分 吸收与分配 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X173[农业科学—林学] S731.2