朱红大杜鹃花部综合征与繁育系统  

Floral syndrome and breeding system of Rhododendron griersonianum

作　　者：刘德团[1] 姚刚 曹毓蓉 朱培高 马永鹏[1] LIU Detuan;YAO Gang;CAO Yurong;ZHU Peigao;MA Yongpeng(Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650201,China;Engineering Laboratory for Grass-Based Livestock Husbandry,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;Institute of Highland Forest Science,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Kunming 650233,China;Institute of Resource Plants,Yunnan University,Kunming 650504,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院昆明植物研究所,云南省极小种群野生植物综合保护重点实验室,昆明650201 [2]中国科学院植物研究所,生态草牧业工程实验室,北京100093 [3]中国林业科学研究院高原林业研究所,昆明650233 [4]云南大学资源植物研究院,昆明650504

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第2期889-897,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32071676);极小种群野生动植物保护项目(2022SJ07X-03);乡村振兴科技专项-科技特派团(202404BI090014)。

摘　　要：朱红大杜鹃是一种极度濒危的极小种群野生植物,亟需进行抢救性保护。弄清物种的濒危原因对于开展有效保护工作至关重要。研究植物的繁育系统,了解植物的繁殖生物学特性,是弄清物种濒危或极小种群形成原因的关键一步。目前为止,有关朱红大杜鹃繁育系统的研究未见报道。以模式标本产地云南省腾冲市猴桥镇的朱红大杜鹃为研究对象,从花部特征、花冠反射光谱、花蜜量和糖浓度、访花昆虫、人工授粉处理实验方面,研究了朱红大杜鹃的传粉综合特征和繁育系统。研究结果表明:(1)朱红大杜鹃具有适应凤蝶传粉的一系列特征,如花冠大、花冠管长、花蜜量少、花瓣呈大红色、花瓣的反射光谱峰值在350—400 nm之间;(2)碧翠凤蝶和玉斑美凤蝶是朱红大杜鹃的有效传粉者,黄熊蜂和红腹蜂为盗蜜者或盗粉者;(3)朱红大杜鹃既能自交,也能异交,属于混合交配系统,但依赖于传粉者,有效传粉者数量较少,自然座果率低,存在传粉限制。研究结果可为朱红大杜鹃的后续保护工作提供理论基础和依据,也可为杜鹃花科其他珍稀濒危物种的保护提供参考。Rhododendron griersonianum is a critically endangered plant species with extremely small populations(PSESP)in urgent need of rescue.Understanding the processes that lead to species endangerment is important for the implementation of effective conservation measures.Studying the breeding systems and elucidating the reproductive biological characteristics of an endangered plant species is a crucial step in identifying the mechanism underlying its endangerment and small populations.However,no previous study to date has investigated the breeding system of R.griersonianum.In this study,we conducted a preliminary study on the floral syndrome and breeding system of R.griersonianum at its type specimen collection locality,Houqiao Town,Tengchong City,Yunnan Province,China.We investigated the flower characteristics,reflectance spectra,nectar volume and nectar concentration,flower visiting insects,and conducted pollination experiments.The results showed that(1)R.griersonianum possesses a suite of floral syndromes that facilitate its adaptation to Papilio-mediated cross-pollination,including large flowers,long corolla tubes,small nectar volumes,red flowers and floral reflectance curve peaks ranging from 350 nm to 400 nm;(2)Papilio helenus and Papilio bianor are effective pollinators of R.griersonianum,Bombus flavescens and Sphecodes sp.are nectar or pollen thieves;(3)R.griersonianum has a pollinator-dependent mixed mating system that combines cross-fertilization with self-fertilization,and has low fruit set under natural conditions and pollination limitation due to pollinator scarcity.The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis and reference for the future conservation of R.griersonianum populations.They also serve as a valuable reference for the conservation of other rare and endangered species within the genus Rhododendron.

关 键 词：极小种群植物 同域分布 花部综合征 访花昆虫 繁育系统 

分 类 号：S685.21[农业科学—观赏园艺]