拉美“债务换自然”实践的新进展与效果评估  

Development and Evaluation of Debt-for-Nature Swaps in Latin America

作　　者：付丽媛 FU Liyuan

机构地区：[1]中国国际问题研究院拉美和加勒比研究所

出　　处：《国际问题研究》2024年第6期107-123,131,132,共19页International Studies

摘　　要：在新冠疫情及气候变化冲击下,拉丁美洲和加勒比国家面临的债务压力及环境问题日益凸显。为降低债务违约风险、缓解外部气候融资困境、减轻气候变化带来的经济下行压力,拉美国家开展新一轮“债务换自然”实践。新一轮实践呈现三大趋势性特征:热带森林保护导向性、延续性较强,三方模式规模及数量渐超双边模式,“全球南方”气候正义意识不断增强。从效果来看,拉美“债务换自然”新实践撬动更大规模的国际融资投入其债务减免及环境保护活动,避免部分国家出现主权债务违约,提高了其主权信用评级,符合条件的地区国家有望继续开展相关实践。长期来看,减债数额占总体债务规模过小、项目周期长、自然资源主权、“漂绿”风险以及特朗普上台引发“绿色霸权”担忧等问题仍将制约拉美国家“债务换自然”实践的前景。Latin American and Caribbean countries have faced increasing debt pressures and environmental challenges under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.To lower the risk of debt default,alleviate the external climate financing difficulty and the reduce the pressures from the downturn in the economy,they have initiated a new round of“Debt for Nature”practice.The current round of practice has displayed three significant trends:tropical forest protection has gained orientational momentum and continuity,the scale and quantity of tripartite cooperation model are gradually surpassing bilateral model,and the awareness of climate justice in the“Global South”is consistently increasing.In effect,the new practice of“Debt for Nature”in Latin America has attracted larger-scale international financing to fund environmental protection activities,avoided some countries’sovereign debt default,and improved their sovereign credit rating.Eligible regional countries are likely to continue implementing relevant practices.In the long run,the limited debt reduction scale,lengthy project cycle,natural resources sovereignty,risk of“greenwashing”and fear for“green hegemony”caused by the incoming Trump government will dampen the prospects of“Debt for Nature”in Latin American.

关 键 词：债务换自然 拉丁美洲 债务危机 气候治理 

分 类 号：F817.36[经济管理—财政学] P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]