商标混淆可能性的规制范围:类型演进与适用规则  

The Regulation Scope of Trademark Likelihood of Confusion:Category Evolution and Application Rules

作　　者：杨祝顺 Yang Zhushun

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学法学院 [2]广西地方法治与地方治理研究中心

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2024年第12期43-56,共14页Electronics Intellectual Property

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“商标混淆可能性的判定因素与实证研究”(项目编号:19CFX053);广西哲学社会科学研究青年项目“注册商标使用义务的制度完善研究”(项目编号:24FXC001)的研究成果。

摘　　要：混淆可能性是商标侵权的判定标准,明晰其规制范围和演进脉络是进行商标侵权判定的前提。我国司法实践对混淆可能性的扩大解释存在争议,混淆可能性的适用规则亦有待明确,需通过典型案例分析,梳理混淆可能性的类型演进与适用规则。类型演进方面,混淆可能性存在混淆内容、混淆时间、混淆方向的演进过程。混淆内容维度由来源混淆向赞助混淆演进;混淆时间维度由购买时混淆向售前混淆、售后混淆演进;混淆方向维度由正向混淆向反向混淆演进。混淆可能性的这些类型均损害商标来源识别功能和商标权人的商誉,属于商标侵权的范畴。适用规则方面,混淆可能性的类型演进为拓展商标保护范围、构筑商标来源识别功能保护网提供了坚实的理论基础,但其并非独立的商标侵权判定标准,而是论证混淆可能性进而判定商标侵权的分析路径。Likelihood of confusion is the criterion for judging trademark infringement,to accurately understand its regulation scope and evolution route is the premise of judging trademark infringement.There exists dispute about whether likelihood of confusion can be expanded interpreted,and the judicial application rules of likelihood of confusion still needs to be explicited,to research on category evolution and judicial application rules of trademark likelihood of confusion through typical cases is needed.As to category evolution,the likelihood of confusion has gone through an evolving process at confusion content,confusion time and confusion direction.In terms of content of confusion,the likelihood of confusion evolves from source confusion to sponsorship confusion.In terms of the time that confusion occurs,the likelihood of confusion evolves from point of sale confusion to pre-sale confusion and post-sale confusion;In terms of the direction of confusion,the likelihood of confusion evolves from forward confusion to reverse confusion.These category of likelihood of trademark confusion can damage identifying function of trademark and trademark owner's goodwill,so they all fall into the regulation scope of trademark infringement.As to judicial application rules,the category evolution of likelihood of confusion can provide solid theory bases for expanding trademark protection scope and building a protective net for source identifying function of trademark,however,they are not independent criterias for judging trademark infringement,they are just analysis paths to interpret whether likelihood of confusion is constituted,so as to support the judgement of trademark infringement.

关 键 词：商标混淆可能性 规制范围 类型演进 适用规则 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]