机遇、挑战与对策:算法时代虚拟主持人及其播报内容的版权问题探究  

Opportunities,Challenges,and Countermeasures:Exploring Copyright Issues of Virtual Hosts and Its Broadcast Content in the Algorithm Era

作　　者：李青文 王思琪 Li Qingwen;Wang Siqi

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学知识产权学院

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2024年第12期67-77,共11页Electronics Intellectual Property

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“数字时代我国著作权侵权合法来源抗辩制度研究”(项目编号:2023EFX003)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：虚拟主持人服务的实时性和业务的广泛性能够满足公众的个性化需求,在艺术和技术的双轮驱动下,虚拟主持人与具体应用场景深度耦合,代表着未来新闻创作与传播的新趋势。《著作权法》对新闻内容及艺术表演的保护以人类创作为中心。虚拟主持人不是人,无法纳入“表演者”的范围,其播报内容也非简单的自然人表演作品的产物,这给我国现行《著作权法》关于新闻内容及表演者权利的保护规则带来严峻挑战。为促进数字智能时代新闻行业的健康发展,必须明确虚拟主持人及其播报内容的法律地位。一方面,虚拟主持人形象及其生成的算法新闻属于人类劳动成果,具备可版权性的前提;另一方面,虚拟主持人并非著作权法意义上的“表演者”,但为了保障新闻单位的合法权益,可以类比职务表演将新闻单位“视为”虚拟主持人播报内容的“表演者”,以化解虚拟主持人及其播报内容的版权归属、行使与保护的实践难题。The real-time functionality and wide-ranging applicability of virtual hosting services cater to the individualized needs of the public.Fueled by a fusion of art and technology,virtual hosts,intricately linked to specific application scenarios,exemplify the emerging trend in future news creation and distribution.Copyright Law protects news content and artistic performances as products of human creativity.As virtual hosts are non-human entities,they do not fall within the category of"performers",and their broadcast content does not solely result from the performance work of a natural person.This presents a significant challenge to the current Copyright Law's provisions protecting news content and performers'rights in our nation.Clarifying the legal status of virtual hosts and their broadcast content is crucial to promoting the healthy development of the news industry in the era of digital intelligence.On one hand,the virtual host's appearance and algorithm-generated news content result from human effort,meeting the requirements for copyright protection.On the other hand,even though virtual hosts do not fit the definition of"performers"in Copyright Law,to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of news organizations,a parallel can be drawn to the concept of'performance for hire',considering the news organization as the"performer"of the virtual host's broadcast content.This approach aims to tackle the practical obstacles associated with determining copyright ownership,exercising rights,and safeguarding virtual hosts and their broadcasted content.

关 键 词：虚拟主持人 播报内容 算法新闻 版权法 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]