外观设计专利侵权判定中的“商标法基因”  

Trademark Law Gene in the Determination of Design Patent Infringement

作　　者：姚建军 Yao Jianjun

机构地区：[1]陕西省西安市中级人民法院

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2024年第12期79-86,共8页Electronics Intellectual Property

摘　　要：外观设计作为专利的类型之一,其侵权判定应以体现专利“基因”为主。但专利立法中外观设计融进了“商标法基因”,引入了“不相同或者不相近似”的判断。客观上,其侵权判定借鉴了商标法的“混淆理论”,但需结合外观设计的特有框架进行,并从“产品类别”和“设计内容”考察“相同或者近似”;对比外观设计中的“一般消费者”与商标法中的“相关公众”及“创新”与“混淆”模式,说明判定外观设计专利侵权的“商标法基因”具有一定的合理性,尤其是酒类外观设计中含有商标字样既是外观设计的“图案”,也是区别商品来源的符号,且外观设计中的“一般消费者”与商标法的“相关公众”发生重合,根本无法剔除“商标法基因”;与其否认外观设计中“商标法基因”的合理性,倒不如回归到“整体观察、综合判断”基本原则上,不必纠结“混淆”或“创新”模式。As one of the types of patents,the determination of design patent infringement should primarily focus on the patent gene.However,the legislation on design patents has blended trademark law genes,incorporating the criteria of not identical or not similar.Objectively,this determination of infringement references the confusion theory from trademark law,but it must be adapted to the specific context of design patents,considering product category and design content for sameness or similarity.By comparing the average consumer in design patents with the relevant public in trademark law,as well as examining the innovation versus confusion paradigms,it is argued that the trademark law gene in assessing design patent infringement holds a degree of rationality.This is particularly true for wine label designs that include trademark text,which serve as both a design pattern and a symbol for distinguishing the origin of goods.Since the average consumer in design patents overlaps with the relevant public in trademark law,it is essentially impractical to remove the trademark law gene.Rather than rejecting the legitimacy of the trademark law gene in design patents,it is more constructive to adhere to the principle of overall observation and comprehensive judgment,without fixating on the innovation or confusion models.

关 键 词：外观设计 商标法基因 “一般消费者”与“相关公众” “混淆”与“创新” 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]