论数据资源持有权的基本范畴:法律释义与体系形塑  

On the Basic Categories of Data Resource Holding Rights:Legal Interpretation and System Shaping

作　　者：陈中山 崔家龙 Chen Zhongshan;Cui Jialong

机构地区：[1]广东省高级人民法院知识产权审判庭 [2]中山大学法学院 [3]暨南大学一国两制与基本法研究院

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2024年第12期87-101,共15页Electronics Intellectual Property

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“数字经济竞争法实施难点问题研究”(项目编号:19BFX163);2024年国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目“‘权利束’视角下‘数据三权分置’的法律建构”(项目编号:202410559039);2024年国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目“粤港澳大湾区征信数据跨境流动规则建构”(项目编号:202410559040)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：数据产权制度是整个数据基础制度构建的逻辑起点,《数据二十条》已在政策上确立了这一权利,但在实操上仍留有不少问题。如何将“数据资源持有权”等数据三权分置方案在司法实践中落地转化,系涉数据权益纠纷案件裁判面临的难题。以“数据资源持有权”为切入点,应明确其权利客体系“数据资源”、主体系“数据持有者”,权利人对其享有自主支配管控和排除特定妨害的权益。同时,应将“数据资源持有权”定位为一种“法益化权利”,并适用《反不正当竞争法》一般条款加以保护。对此,2023年中国法院十大知识产权案例之六“iDataAPI案”有所诠释。在此基础上,应立足反不正当竞争法保护市场竞争秩序的基本定位,进一步完善涉数据权益不正当竞争纠纷司法裁判框架,在具体个案裁判中兼顾维护竞争自由与竞争公平,更好为数据产权制度的建构与实施提供强有力的司法保障。The data property rights system serves as the logical foundation for the entire data infrastructure.The"Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on building a basic data system to better play the role of data elements"has established this right in policy,but its practical implementation stil faces numerous challenges.The translation of solutions such as data resource holding rights"into judicial practice poses a complex issue in cases involving disputes over data rights.Taking"data resource holding rights"as a starting point,it is essential to clarify that the object of the right is"data resources",with holders being"data owners"These holders have the right to exercise independent control and exclude specific interference.Furthermore,positioning"data resource holding rights"as a form of"legal interest rights"and applying the general provisions of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law to protect it are crucial steps.The"iDataAPI case",one of the top ten IP cases in Chinese courts in 2023,provides the basis for this view.Building upon this foundation,it is imperative to further refine the judicial framework for unfair competition disputes involving data rights while upholding market competition order based on principles outlined in anti-unfair competition laws.This approach aims to better balance safeguarding competition freedom and fairness in specific case judgments and provide robust judicial support for constructing and implementing data property systems.

关 键 词：数据三权分置 数据资源持有权 法益化权利 反不正当竞争法 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]