技术进步模式转换与高质量发展的政治经济学分析  

The Political Economy of Technical Change Mode Transformation and High-quality Development

作　　者：赵峰[1,2] 李爱军 马慎萧[3] ZHAO Feng;LI Aijun;MA Shenxiao(Renmin University of China,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学经济学院,100872 [2]中国人民大学全国中国特色社会主义政治经济学研究中心,100872 [3]中国人民大学马克思主义学院,100872

出　　处：《经济学动态》2024年第12期3-17,共15页Economic Perspectives

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“新质生产力形成的理论基础、政策体系和实现路径的政治经济学研究”(23&ZD070)。

摘　　要：创新是引领高质量发展的重要驱动力。技术进步模式的演进是决定宏观经济运行过程中资本积累、收入分配的基础性因素。本文通过构建一个马克思主义的内生技术进步模型,对马克思偏向型技术进步的触发条件与演化规律进行了理论讨论,并在此基础上实证地分析了我国马克思偏向型技术进步的阶段特征、成因及演化趋势。研究发现,在我国对先进国家进行技术追赶的早期,马克思偏向型技术进步体现出强劲的生产力发展“量”的一面,实现了物质资本的快速积累。随着劳动成本的提升,超过理想状态的资本积累规模则带来过剩产能等问题,导致资本使用效率下降,对宏观经济增长和收入分配结构的优化造成压力。当前,我国技术进步模式具有向有利于协调收入分配与资本积累间的关系、提升经济增长质量的模式转换的有利条件和潜力。我国应当持续推进新质生产力发展,革新技术进步模式,实现更高质量的经济增长。High-quality development is identified as the primary task in the comprehensive establishment of a modern socialist country,with innovation characterized by technical advancement serving as the pivotal driving force.Confronted with a complex international and domestic environment and a new round of technical revolution and industrial transformation,it is crucial to address a spectrum of issues within economic system reform and improve mechanisms that promote high-quality development.This necessitates a scientific and comprehensive grasp of the evolutionary logic of China's technical change in the context of the country's economic growth model transformation.This paper argues for the guidance of new development concepts to lead reforms that foster new dynamics and advantages in development.Since the 1970s,technical change in major capitalist economies has diverged from the neutral,unbiased direction postulated by neoclassical growth theory,exhibiting increased labor productivity and decreased capital productivity.Contemporary classical Marxist economics,viewing from the lens of Marxist technical change theory,focuses intently on the new“typical facts”of technological change and capital accumulation in the capitalist world,progressively forming the analytical framework known as“Marx-biased technical change”(MBTC).Previous research indicates that China,while rapidly catching up technologically and accumulating capital,displays distinct characteristics of MBTC.However,academia has yet to achieve a complete understanding of MBTC's developmental laws due to the immaturity of existing theories and the complexity of MBTC scenarios.Therefore,a systematic analysis of the development stages,specific causes,and evolutionary trends of MBTC in China is still required.This paper enhances and expands previous research by deriving a general formulation of the triggers and evolutionary laws of MBTC through an endogenous technical change model based on the Marxist theory.It then empirically analyzes the two typical developm

关 键 词：马克思偏向型技术进步 技术进步模式 高质量发展 资本积累 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]